Adobe Illustrator Cs6 1600 3264 Bit Updated Patch -

It was a typical Monday morning at a small design firm, with the sound of coffee brewing and computers humming in the background. The team was busy preparing for a big project deadline, and everyone was focused on getting their tasks done.

In the corner, Alex, a graphic designer, was struggling to get Adobe Illustrator CS6 to work on his computer. He had installed it a few days ago, but it kept crashing every time he tried to open it. He had tried reinstalling, but nothing seemed to work.

Just then, his colleague, Rachel, walked over and asked him what was wrong. Alex explained the situation, and Rachel suggested that he try updating the patch. Alex wasn't sure what that meant, but he was willing to try anything.

Rachel pointed him to a website that had a updated patch for Adobe Illustrator CS6, specifically the 16.00.3264 bit version. Alex downloaded the patch and installed it, following the instructions carefully.

To his relief, when he opened Illustrator again, it worked smoothly. He was able to work on his designs without any issues, and he was grateful to Rachel for suggesting the solution.

As he worked, Alex realized that he had been using an outdated version of the software, and that the updated patch had not only fixed the crashing issue but also improved the overall performance of the program.

With his design project on track, Alex was able to meet the deadline and deliver high-quality work to his client. He made sure to share the updated patch with the rest of the team, so that they could also benefit from the improved performance and stability.

From then on, Alex made it a habit to regularly check for updates and patches for his software, knowing that it could make a big difference in his productivity and the quality of his work. And he was grateful to Rachel for helping him discover the solution that had made his work life easier.

Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.00.3264 Bit Updated Patch: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Adobe Illustrator CS6 is a powerful vector graphics editor that has been widely used by designers and artists for creating stunning illustrations, logos, and graphics. The software has undergone several updates, and one of the notable ones is the 16.00.3264 bit updated patch. This paper aims to provide an in-depth review of the Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.00.3264 bit updated patch, its features, benefits, and potential drawbacks.

Introduction

Adobe Illustrator CS6 is a part of the Adobe Creative Suite 6, which was released in 2012. The software has been a popular choice among designers and artists due to its robust features, intuitive interface, and seamless integration with other Adobe applications. The 16.00.3264 bit updated patch is a significant update that addresses several issues, adds new features, and improves the overall performance of the software.

Key Features of Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.00.3264 Bit Updated Patch

The 16.00.3264 bit updated patch for Adobe Illustrator CS6 includes several key features, including:

Improved Performance: The update provides significant performance improvements, allowing users to work more efficiently and smoothly.
New Brushes: The update includes new brushes, including the Bristle Brush, which simulates the effect of natural brushes.
Enhanced Gradient Tool: The Gradient Tool has been enhanced to provide more precise control over gradient creation and editing.
Pattern Creation: The update allows users to create and edit patterns more easily, with the ability to create complex patterns using a new pattern-making tool.
Improved File Handling: The update provides improved file handling, including support for larger files and improved file saving and loading times.

Benefits of Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.00.3264 Bit Updated Patch

The 16.00.3264 bit updated patch for Adobe Illustrator CS6 offers several benefits to users, including:

Enhanced Creativity: The new features and improved performance enable users to focus on their creative work, without being hindered by software limitations.
Increased Productivity: The improved performance and streamlined workflow allow users to work more efficiently, completing tasks faster and with greater accuracy.
Compatibility: The update ensures compatibility with other Adobe applications, making it easier to integrate Illustrator into a larger workflow.

Potential Drawbacks

While the 16.00.3264 bit updated patch for Adobe Illustrator CS6 offers several benefits, there are some potential drawbacks to consider:

System Requirements: The update requires a 64-bit operating system, which may not be compatible with older systems.
Learning Curve: The new features and interface changes may require some time to learn and adjust to, potentially disrupting workflow.

Conclusion

The Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.00.3264 bit updated patch is a significant update that offers several new features, improved performance, and enhanced creativity. While there may be some potential drawbacks, the benefits of the update far outweigh them. The update is essential for anyone working with Adobe Illustrator CS6, as it ensures compatibility, improves workflow, and enables users to create stunning graphics and illustrations.

Recommendations

Based on the review, we recommend that:

Users update to the 16.00.3264 bit version: The update provides significant benefits and improvements, making it essential for anyone working with Adobe Illustrator CS6.
Users familiarize themselves with new features: Take time to learn and adjust to the new features and interface changes to maximize the benefits of the update.

By following these recommendations, users can take full advantage of the Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.00.3264 bit updated patch and create stunning graphics and illustrations with ease.

Adobe Illustrator CS6 (version 16.0.0) remains a popular choice for designers who prefer perpetual licensing over the current subscription model. To keep this legacy software running smoothly on modern systems, applying the correct updates and patches is essential for stability and security. Key Features of Adobe Illustrator CS6

The 16.0.0 release introduced the Mercury Performance System, providing native 64-bit support for both Windows and macOS. This allows the application to utilize all available system RAM, significantly speeding up the handling of large, complex vector files. Other notable additions in the CS6 version include:

New Image Tracing Engine: A completely redesigned engine for more accurate conversion of raster images to editable vectors.

Pattern Creation: Tools for easily creating seamlessly tiled repeating vector patterns.

Gradients on Strokes: The ability to apply gradients directly to strokes with full control over placement and opacity.

Streamlined Interface: An updated, adjustable UI brightness (similar to Photoshop) to keep the focus on artwork. Essential Patches and Updates

To ensure the best performance, users should update from the base 16.0.0 version to the final stable patches.

Version 16.0.3 (Windows): The final non-subscription update for Windows users, primarily addressing bug fixes and stability.

Version 16.0.4 (macOS): The final non-subscription update for Mac users.

Security Hotfix (APSB14-11): A critical security patch released by Adobe to resolve a stack overflow vulnerability (CVE-2014-0513) that could lead to remote code execution. This is highly recommended for all CS6 users. System Requirements for 32-bit and 64-bit

While Illustrator CS6 is famous for its 64-bit performance, it can still run on 32-bit Windows systems. Creative Suite 6 system requirements - Adobe Help Center

Adobe Illustrator CS6 (version 16.0.3) is a cumulative update for the perpetual (non-subscription) license of the software. Its primary purpose is to address stability issues and critical security vulnerabilities, specifically fixing a hole that could allow remote code execution.

As a part of the broader CS6 release, this version includes the core features introduced in the 16th generation of Illustrator: Key Performance & Engine Features

Adobe Mercury Performance System: Provides native 64-bit support for Windows and macOS, allowing the software to access all available system RAM for better handling of large, complex files.

New Image Trace Engine: A completely rebuilt tracing engine that converts raster images to editable vectors with more accuracy and cleaner lines than previous versions.

Gaussian Blur Enhancement: Effects like drop shadows and glows are rendered significantly faster, with previews shown directly on the artboard. Design & Creative Tools

Pattern Creation: A dedicated tool for easily creating and editing seamlessly tiled vector patterns. adobe illustrator cs6 1600 3264 bit updated patch

Gradients on Strokes: Allows you to apply gradients along the length, across the width, or within the stroke of a path with full opacity control.

Enhanced Interface: A streamlined, darker UI with adjustable brightness and inline editing for layer names, swatches, and brushes. Workflow Improvements

Dockable Hidden Tools: You can tear off and dock tools (like the Pen or Shape tools) vertically or horizontally to customize your workspace.

Transform Panel Updates: Includes a quick toggle for the "Scale Strokes & Effects" option.

Color Panel Enhancements: Features a more precise color spectrum and the ability to copy/paste hex values easily. AI Updates - Adobe Community

Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.0.0.3264 Bit Updated Patch: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Adobe Illustrator CS6 is a powerful vector graphics editor that has been a staple in the design industry for years. With its robust features and intuitive interface, it's a favorite among graphic designers, artists, and illustrators. However, like any software, it requires periodic updates to ensure optimal performance and security. In this post, we'll discuss the Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.0.0.3264 bit updated patch, its benefits, and provide a step-by-step guide on how to install it.

What is the Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.0.0.3264 Bit Updated Patch?

The Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.0.0.3264 bit updated patch is a software update designed to fix bugs, improve performance, and enhance the overall user experience. This patch is specifically designed for the 64-bit version of Adobe Illustrator CS6, with a version number of 16.0.0.3264.

Benefits of the Update

The Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.0.0.3264 bit updated patch offers several benefits, including:

Bug fixes: The update addresses various bugs and issues that may have been present in the previous version, ensuring a smoother and more stable user experience.
Performance improvements: The patch optimizes the software's performance, allowing for faster rendering, loading, and saving of files.
Security enhancements: The update includes security patches that protect against potential vulnerabilities and threats.
Compatibility improvements: The patch ensures that Adobe Illustrator CS6 remains compatible with the latest operating systems, hardware, and software.

System Requirements

Before installing the Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.0.0.3264 bit updated patch, ensure that your system meets the following requirements:

Operating System: Windows 10 (64-bit) or later, or macOS 10.12 or later.
Processor: 64-bit processor (Intel Core 2 Duo or AMD equivalent).
RAM: 8 GB RAM (16 GB recommended).
Hard Disk Space: 2 GB available hard disk space.

Installation Instructions

To install the Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.0.0.3264 bit updated patch, follow these steps:

Download the patch: Visit the Adobe website and download the patch file (approximately 500 MB).
Close Adobe Illustrator CS6: Ensure that Adobe Illustrator CS6 is closed and not running in the background.
Run the patch installer: Run the downloaded patch file and follow the on-screen instructions to install the update.
Restart Adobe Illustrator CS6: Launch Adobe Illustrator CS6 to verify that the update has been successfully installed.

Conclusion

The Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.0.0.3264 bit updated patch is an essential update that ensures the software remains stable, secure, and compatible with the latest systems and hardware. By following the installation instructions outlined in this post, you can easily update your Adobe Illustrator CS6 installation and continue to create stunning vector graphics and illustrations.

Additional Tips and Resources

Regularly check for updates on the Adobe website to ensure you have the latest version of Adobe Illustrator CS6.
For more information on Adobe Illustrator CS6, visit the Adobe website or consult the user manual.
If you encounter any issues during the installation process, refer to Adobe's support resources or contact their customer support team.

Patch Details

Patch version: 16.0.0.3264
File size: approximately 500 MB
Download link: [insert download link]

By following this guide, you should be able to successfully install the Adobe Illustrator CS6 16.0.0.3264 bit updated patch and enjoy a more stable, secure, and feature-rich user experience.

The neon sign outside flickered with the rhythmic desperation of a dying insect, casting a buzzing yellow glow over Elias’s keyboard. Inside the cramped apartment, the air was thick with the smell of burnt coffee and the anxiety of a deadline that was rapidly becoming a memory.

Elias was a graphic designer, or at least he used to be. Now, he felt more like a digital archaeologist. His client wanted a retro vector piece, specifically demanding the clean lines and specific gradient meshes that only one tool could provide perfectly: Adobe Illustrator CS6.

"Everything newer is bloatware," Elias muttered to himself, echoing the mantra of the old guard. "Subscription models are a prison."

He stared at his monitor. The installation was complete, but the trial period had long since expired. He was locked out. The "Start Trial" button was greyed out, mocking him. He needed the patch.

Elias navigated the shadowy underbelly of the internet—a place of broken links, pop-ups for casinos, and forums where users spoke in hushed, cryptic abbreviations. He wasn't looking for the standard crack; he needed the specific update. The one that fixed the memory leak on 64-bit systems. The one that guaranteed stability.

He found it on a forum thread last updated in 2014. A single reply from a user named ‘VectorGhost’ contained a magnet link.

"Adobe Illustrator CS6 [1600] [32/64 Bit] Updated Patch - FINAL VERSION - WORKING."

Elias hesitated. Downloading executable files from the internet’s graveyard was like playing Russian Roulette with a half-loaded shotgun. But the deadline was in four hours. He clicked download.

The file was small. Suspiciously small. AI_CS6_Patch_1600_Final.exe.

He disabled his antivirus—a ritual sacrifice of security for the sake of productivity. He right-clicked the file and hit Run as Administrator.

The screen didn’t flash. No command prompt window screamed code. Instead, a simple, archaic dialogue box appeared. It looked like something from Windows 98. It had a pixelated image of the Venus of Milos (the old Illustrator icon) and a single progress bar.

"Patching Memory Addresses... 32-bit... 64-bit..."

Elias watched the bar crawl.

20%...

His fan spun up. The computer hummed, a low resonant frequency that vibrated the desk.

50%...

The room seemed to darken. Elias blinked, thinking the power grid was fluctuating again. But the hum wasn't coming from the speakers. It was coming from the hard drive, spinning with an intensity that sounded painful.

80%...

The screen flickered. For a microsecond, Elias saw the interface of Illustrator CS6 flash onto the screen. But it looked… wrong. The toolbar wasn't on the left. It was floating, the icons rendered in hyper-realistic 4K definition, far sharper than his monitor was capable of displaying. It was a typical Monday morning at a

100%.

"PATCH SUCCESSFUL."

The dialogue box vanished. The hum stopped instantly. The silence in the room was deafening.

Elias exhaled. He double-clicked the Illustrator icon on his desktop.

It launched instantly. No splash screen, no loading bar. It just was.

He looked at the top menu. Help > About Illustrator.

Version 16.0.0 (64 Bit). The patch had worked.

He cracked his knuckles and got to work. He imported the sketch. He selected the Pen Tool. The anchor points snapped to the curves with a buttery smooth precision he hadn't felt in years. It was glorious. CS6 was the pinnacle, he thought. The last of the golden age.

He worked for an hour. He was in the zone. But then, he noticed something odd.

He was using a complex gradient mesh on a character's cape. Usually, his machine would lag, the cursor stuttering as it calculated the math. But there was no lag. There was, in fact, too much power.

He zoomed in. 100%. 400%. 1600%. 3200%.

He kept scrolling, expecting to hit the pixel limit of the vector preview. But the image just kept expanding, infinitely sharp. He zoomed until he was staring at the microscopic imperfections in the digital ink—details that shouldn't exist. It was like looking through a microscope at a drawing that was supposed to be math, not matter.

He tried to zoom out. The scroll wheel didn't respond.

He tried to select the Hand tool to pan. His cursor was stuck.

Suddenly, the text on his screen changed. The menus—File, Edit, Object, Type—flickered. The words melted away, replaced by raw hexadecimal code. 0x00000000. 0xFFFFFFFF.

The Update Patch window popped up again, unprovoked.

"UPDATE REQUIRED: MEMORY OVERFLOW DETECTED."

Elias panicked. He tried to Alt-Tab. Nothing. He tried Ctrl-Alt-Del. Nothing.

His computer wasn't frozen; it was calculating.

The Updated Patch wasn't just cracking the software. It was optimizing it. It was rewriting the way his computer handled memory, aggressively defragmenting his RAM and overriding his processor's safety limits to render the vectors at a speed and resolution that hardware shouldn't handle.

The room began to heat up. The smell of ozone replaced the coffee smell.

Elias stared at the screen. The vector path he had drawn—the curve of a sword—began to straighten itself out. The anchor points moved on their own.

Auto-trace initiated, the text on the menu bar read, though Elias hadn't selected it.

The software was drawing. It was drawing faster than he could think. It filled the artboard with fractals of impossible complexity—Mandelbrot sets rendered in CMYK, spiraling into infinity. It was beautiful, terrifying geometry.

"Stop," Elias whispered, reaching for the power cord on the floor.

He yanked the plug.

The monitor stayed on.

The glowing white "Ai" icon in the center of the screen pulsed like a heartbeat.

"Adobe Illustrator CS6 [1600] [32/64 Bit] Updated Patch"

The text lingered on the screen, burnt into the liquid crystal display.

Elias stumbled back, tripping over his chair. He looked at his hands. They looked… smoother. The pores on his skin seemed to vanish. The edges of his fingers looked suspiciously crisp.

He looked at the corner of his desk. It wasn't a jagged wooden corner anymore. It was a perfect Bezier curve.

The patch hadn't just fixed the software. It had patched his reality into the vector engine.

He tried to scream, but the sound waves were flattened, normalized, and compressed into a silent, thin line.

On the screen, a new file opened automatically. Untitled-2.

The Pen Tool hovered over the canvas. It clicked once on the top left. It clicked once on the bottom right. It was drawing a rectangle.

It was drawing a room. It was drawing a desk. It was drawing a terrified man sitting in a chair.

Elias watched as the cursor dragged across the screen, creating the curve of his own terrified face, perfectly smooth, perfectly scalable, trapped forever in the 64-bit architecture of the updated patch.

The save dialogue box popped up.

"Save changes to Reality.ai?"

Click.

"Saved."

The official update for Adobe Illustrator CS6 (internally version

) depends on whether you have a standard perpetual license or a subscription-based version. Adobe discontinued regular updates for CS6 in 2017, but the final specific patches are as follows: Adobe Help Center Final Version Summary Non-Subscription (Perpetual) Subscription (Creative Cloud) Key Update Details Mercury Performance System 64-bit support

for both Windows and Mac OS was the primary upgrade in version 16, allowing the software to utilize all available system RAM for complex files. Security Patches : A critical security hotfix

(APSB14-11) was released to address vulnerabilities that could allow remote code execution. Adobe recommends users ensure they are on at least version 16.0.3 (Windows) or 16.0.4 (Mac) before applying this specific hotfix.

: Patches like 16.0.1 and 16.0.3 resolved installation errors (such as Error Code U44M1P7) and stability issues when launching on newer operating systems like Windows 10. Installation & Troubleshooting

If the built-in "Help > Updates" menu fails or triggers the newer Creative Cloud app incorrectly, users often need to: Adobe illustrator CS6 | Community 14 Jan 2023 —

Adobe Illustrator CS6 (version 16.0.0) marked a significant milestone as the first version to feature native 64-bit support

through the Adobe Mercury Performance System. While the base 16.0.0 version introduced these performance leaps, subsequent patches were critical for stability and security. ProDesignTools Illustrator CS6 Versioning and Patch Logic

The "updated patch" typically refers to the transition from the base 16.0.0 release to the final stable updates. The final version numbers differ based on your licensing type: Non-Subscription (Perpetual License): The final update is for Windows and for macOS. Subscription (Creative Cloud): The final version for CS6 reached for Windows and for macOS. Adobe Help Center Key Features of the 16.0.x Architecture Native 64-bit Support:

Unlike previous versions, CS6 can access all available system RAM, allowing for much faster handling of large, complex vector files. Mercury Performance System:

This underlying engine provides rock-solid stability and faster responsiveness for demanding tasks like Gaussian blurs and effects. Modernised UI:

A streamlined, darker interface (adjustable in brightness) allows users to focus on artwork, similar to the look of Photoshop and After Effects. New Creative Tools: Introduction of the Pattern Creation tool for seamless tiling and a completely revamped Image Trace engine for cleaner raster-to-vector conversions. Critical Security Patch: APSB14-11 A vital update for version 16.0.0 users was the APSB14-11 security hotfix Adobe Help Center Vulnerability:

This patch addressed a critical stack overflow vulnerability ( CVE-2014-0513 ) that could allow remote code execution. Prerequisite:

Before applying this specific security hotfix, users must first update their installation to the latest version (e.g., 16.0.3 for non-subscription Windows users). Adobe Help Center Installation & Update Guide Updates for CS6 - Adobe Community 12 Jan 2019 —

This guide outlines how to update Adobe Illustrator CS6 (Version 16.0.0) to its final, most stable version (16.0.5/16.2.2) for both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows and Mac systems.

As of 2026, finding official Adobe support for CS6 is difficult. These steps rely on archived patches and community-verified methods. ⚠️ Important: Before You Patch Identify Subscription Status: Determine if you have the Subscription (Creative Cloud) or Non-subscription

(Perpetual/Stand-alone) version of CS6. They require different patches. Version 16.0.5:

The final patch for non-subscription Windows is generally 16.0.5. Back up your current Adobe Illustrator CS6 folder before applying patches. Adobe Help Center 1. Download the Patches

Adobe has removed direct links, so you must use trusted community archives (such as Archive.org ) or specific tech support forums. Final Windows Non-Subscription (16.0.5): Search for Illustrator_16_0_5_Patch.zip Final Mac Non-Subscription (16.0.4/16.0.5): AdobeIllustrator_CS6_16_0_5.dmg 64-bit Note:

If you installed the 64-bit version of CS6, these patches will update it correctly. 2. Installation Steps (Manual Update)

If the internal Adobe Application Manager fails (which is common now), use the manual patch. Close Illustrator and all Adobe apps. Run the patch executable ) you downloaded. Follow the on-screen instructions to install the 16.0.5 update. Security Hotfix: APSB14-11 security hotfix

immediately after updating to 16.0.5 to patch security vulnerabilities. Adobe Help Center 3. Troubleshooting & Common Errors Error U44M1P7: This is caused by the updater not finding files it expects. Reinstall CS6, immediately run the updater using the program, or run the updates in order (16.0.1 right arrow right arrow right arrow Application Manager Conflict: If you have CC apps installed, they may conflict with CS6.

Temporarily stop Adobe CC processes via Task Manager/Activity Monitor. 64-bit Performance:

The 16.0.5 update significantly improves stability for the 64-bit version, reducing crashes on Windows 10/11. Why Update to 16.0.5? Mercury Performance System: Major stability improvements for large, complex files. 64-bit Capability: Improved memory management on Windows 10/11. Bug Fixes:

Resolves issues with gradient strokes, file tracing, and app crashes.

Fixes critical vulnerabilities that allow remote code execution. Adobe Help Center

Disclaimer: Adobe has largely deprecated CS6. These instructions are based on archival data and user experience reported up to 2024-2025. Adobe Security Bulletin

It sounds like you’ve encountered a file or description referencing an “Adobe Illustrator CS6 1600 3264 bit updated patch.” This is worth a closer look—and a strong caution.

Here’s an interesting, concise report on what this likely is and why it matters.

Step 3: Forcing High-DPI Scaling (The "1600 3264" Fix)

To make CS6 work on a 1600p or 3264px wide high-resolution monitor, you cannot patch the software. Instead, you force Windows to scale the application:

On Windows 10/11:

Right-click the Illustrator CS6 shortcut.
Select Properties > Compatibility.
Click Change high DPI settings.
Check Override high DPI scaling behavior.
Select Application from the dropdown menu.
- Alternatively, try "System" if the UI is too small.
Click OK. Apply.

On macOS (Intel only – CS6 does NOT run natively on Apple Silicon M1/M2/M3):

No fix exists. Adobe CS6 is 32-bit on Mac and will not launch on any modern macOS. You must use a virtual machine (Parallels/VMware) running Windows 10.

Adobe Illustrator CS6 (1600×3264 bit updated patch) — Informative Overview

Warning: distributing, using, or seeking patches/cracks for commercial software is illegal and unsafe. This article explains what Adobe Illustrator CS6 is, why “patches” like the one you mention are risky, and legal, secure alternatives.

The Danger of Downloading "Patches"

If you search for "Adobe Illustrator CS6 1600 3264 bit updated patch" on Google, you will likely find:

Obscure file-hosting links (MediaFire, Mega, Zippyshare)
Password-protected ZIP files
Executables flagged by antivirus software

Why you should avoid these:

Malware Risk – Unofficial patches are a favorite vector for ransomware, keyloggers, and crypto miners. VirusTotal scans often show 30+ detections.
System Instability – Modifying Adobe binaries can break printer drivers, font management, and GPU acceleration.
Legal Liability – Using a crack to bypass Adobe’s licensing is software piracy, subject to fines in many jurisdictions.
No Support – If the patch fails, you lose your work. Adobe won’t help you.

Option A: Subscribe to Adobe Illustrator (Latest CC 2025)

Pros: Native 64-bit, supports any resolution (1600, 3264, 8K), constant updates, cloud storage, access to Adobe Fonts.
Cons: Monthly cost ($20.99/mo).
Verdict: The only future-proof solution.

3. Risks (The Real Story)

Downloading and running such a patch exposes you to:

Malware – Ransomware, info-stealers, or botnet installers. Attackers love bundling malware with popular software cracks.
Trojanized patches – Many contain keyloggers or backdoors that target saved passwords, cryptocurrency wallets, or business files.
Legal issues – Using a patch to circumvent licensing violates Adobe’s terms and copyright laws.
System instability – Modified DLLs/executables often cause crashes or security holes.

Part 3: How to Legitimately Update Your Copy of Illustrator CS6

If you own a legitimate serial number for Adobe Illustrator CS6, you can still install and update it correctly without hunting for unknown patches.