This is a story about code, desperation, and the strange ghost that lives between RAM slots.
Anatoly was a historian of failures. Specifically, he studied the collapse of the Zaporozhian Sich, the great Cossack republic, but his real expertise lay in the failure of a single, stupid piece of software: Cossacks 3.
He lived in a Kyiv basement flat that smelled of old paper and soldering iron. For three years, he’d been trying to run a single, massive custom battle: "The Ruin, 1663." Twenty thousand Cossacks, Poles, Tatars, and Turks on a map the size of a small country. Every time he pressed "Start," the game froze. A gray window appeared: Out of memory. Work?
It was a bizarrely phrased error, as if the program was asking him for a solution.
Tonight was the anniversary of the Battle of Zhovti Vody. Anatoly had found a new trick: he’d stripped Windows to its bones, disabled his antivirus, and overclocked his RAM to a dangerous whine. He loaded the mod.
The map shimmered into existence. The Dnieper River glowed like a vein of mercury. And then, the horizon seethed.
Cossacks. Not just sprites—entities. Each one loaded a memory leak like a curse. The counter hit 8,000. The fan roared. 12,000. The screen stuttered. 15,000.
The gray window popped: Out of memory. Work?
"No," Anatoly whispered, slamming enter. "You work."
For a second, the game obeyed. The Cossacks charged. Lances twinkled. Then, the bottom right corner of the screen tore open, revealing not desktop, but a void—a black honeycomb of corrupted textures and half-loaded sounds. A creak, like an old boat. Then a voice, not from speakers but from inside his molars:
"You keep raising the dead, historian."
Anatoly froze. The game's cursor had changed. It was no longer a sword. It was a crooked finger.
"I am the memory leak. The ghost of every polygon you forced to exist. You want your battle? I need a sacrifice. Not RAM. A piece of your linear time. Give me three seconds of your life. Permanently."
On screen, the Hetman—his custom unit—turned and faced the camera. The face was Anatoly's own, but older, missing a left eye.
Anatoly, a rational man, should have pulled the plug. But he was a historian of failures. He typed: Yes.
The screen blinked. The battle resumed. Twenty thousand units clashed in perfect, brutal symphony. Cannons fired. Horses screamed. For ten glorious minutes, the Ruin of 1663 burned in perfect fidelity. Then the game crashed normally, without the error.
Anatoly saved the replay. He leaned back, exhausted. He checked his watch. It was 2:17 AM.
He looked at his phone. 2:14 AM.
Three seconds missing. He could feel the dent in his existence, like a skipped heartbeat. On his desk, his old photo of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra flickered. In the background, a Cossack on a stolen horse now rode past the golden domes.
He smiled. It was a good trade. He opened the replay file. The first frame showed a Cossack turning to the camera, tipping his hat, and pointing a bony finger straight at him.
Below it, the gray box returned, but with new text:
Memory restored. Pleasure doing business. Work?
The "Out of Memory" error in Cossacks 3 is a frequent issue often caused by how the game interacts with Windows' virtual memory and certain in-game graphical settings. Even if your PC has high physical RAM, the game can struggle during large battles or when loading heavy save files. 1. Adjust Windows Virtual Memory (Paging File)
This is the most effective fix for most players. The game relies heavily on virtual memory as a "sandpit" for temporary data.
Access Settings: Right-click "This PC" > Properties > Advanced system settings.
Performance Options: Go to the Advanced tab and click Settings under "Performance."
Change Virtual Memory: In the new window, click the Advanced tab, then Change... under "Virtual memory."
Set Custom Size: Uncheck "Automatically manage paging file size." Select your system drive and choose Custom size.
Recommended Values: Set the Initial size to 8000 MB and Maximum size to 16000 MB (or more if you have space). Users in the Steam Community (0.5.3) have even used up to 52000 MB for stability. Apply: Click Set, then OK, and restart your computer. 2. Disable In-Game Vegetation
The game's rendering of trees and plants is a known memory hog. Go to Settings > Performance. Find Vegetation and set it to OFF.
Note: Setting it to "Low" or "Medium" often isn't enough; completely disabling it is recommended by Steam Community (0.5.11) guides to stop the crashes. 3. Manage Save Files and Auto-Saves
Cossacks 3 save files are exceptionally large (often over 1.5 GB each), which can lead to memory allocation errors.
Turn off Auto-save in the game options to prevent constant hard drive writing.
Limit your saves: Keep your save folder lean by deleting old, unnecessary files. Periodically overwriting a small number of manual saves is safer than maintaining a long list. 4. GPU and Advanced Fixes
Dedicated GPU: Ensure the game is actually using your dedicated graphics card rather than integrated graphics.
Hardware-accelerated GPU Scheduling: Some players find success by turning this ON in Windows Display Settings. Detailed steps are available in this Steam Community Guide (0.5.9).
dgVoodoo2 (For AMD Users): If you are using an AMD card and experiencing crashes during texture loading, some users recommend using dgVoodoo2 to wrap the game's DirectX calls, which can bypass driver-related memory violations.
For further troubleshooting, you can visit the Steam Support (0.5.20) page specifically for Cossacks 3 technical issues. AI responses may include mistakes. Learn more In-game FIX for "out of memory" errors - Steam Community
To fix the "Out of Memory" error in Cossacks 3 , you primarily need to increase the game's access to system RAM using a Large Address Aware (LAA) tool or by adjusting your Virtual Memory settings. 🛠️ Essential Fixes 1. Enable Large Address Aware (LAA)
Cossacks 3 is a 32-bit application. By default, it can only use 2GB of RAM, even if your PC has 32GB. When the game exceeds this limit (especially in large battles), it crashes.
Download: Get a "Large Address Aware" utility (common on tech forums or GitHub).
Apply: Run the tool and select the cossacks.exe file in your game folder.
Check: Ensure the "Large Address Aware" checkbox is ticked and save. This allows the game to use up to 4GB of RAM. 2. Increase Windows Page File (Virtual Memory) cossacks+3+out+of+memory+work
If your physical RAM is full, Windows uses your hard drive as temporary memory. If this "Page File" is too small, the game will crash.
Path: Settings > System > About > Advanced system settings > Performance Settings > Advanced > Virtual Memory (Change). Action: Uncheck "Automatically manage paging file size." Setting: Set a "Custom size." Initial: 4096 MB Maximum: 8192 MB (or higher if you have space). Restart: You must restart your PC for this to take effect. ⚙️ Game & System Optimization 3. Lower Graphical Strain
High textures and shadows eat into the memory budget quickly. Textures: Reduce from "Very High" to "High" or "Medium." Anti-Aliasing: Turn this off or lower it.
Unit Scaling: Avoid playing on "10x" or "unlimited" unit mods if you have memory issues. 4. Verify Game Files (Steam)
Corrupt files can cause "memory leaks" where the game asks for RAM it doesn't actually need. Right-click Cossacks 3 in Steam. Select Properties > Installed Files. Click Verify integrity of game files. ⚠️ Known Triggers
Massive Unit Counts: Games with 10,000+ units will almost always trigger this error on 32-bit architecture.
Long Sessions: Restart the game every 2–3 matches to clear the "memory leak" buildup.
Outdated Mods: Disable mods one by one to see if a specific custom unit or map is causing the crash.
If you are still experiencing crashes, I can help further if you tell me: Are you using any mods (like the 10k unit mod)? How much physical RAM does your computer have? Does the crash happen immediately or after an hour of play?
I can then provide specific steps for mod compatibility or advanced engine tweaks.
The "Out of Memory" error in Cossacks 3 is a frequent issue often linked to how the game manages save files, cache, and system memory (RAM/VRAM), rather than a lack of high-end hardware. Immediate Fixes & Workarounds Manage Save Files:
Mass Delete Saves: High numbers of save files (often over 1.5GB each) can trigger this error. Keep your save list lean.
Disable Autosave: Turning off the "auto-save" feature in game options is widely cited as the most effective fix. Memory Management:
Increase Virtual Memory: Manually increase your Windows Page File (Virtual Memory) size to help the system handle memory spikes.
dgVoodoo2: For users with modern GPUs (especially AMD), using the dgVoodoo2 wrapper can resolve memory violation crashes by better translating older API calls. Graphics Adjustments:
Lower Settings: Reduce shadows and resolution. Running the game in Windowed Mode rather than Fullscreen has also been reported to help.
Texture Mods: Use community mods designed to lower texture quality, which specifically reduces RAM and VRAM usage. Deep Feature Context
While "deep feature" may refer to the technical "deep" optimization issues of the game's engine, it most likely relates to Adaptive Game Speed. This built-in feature automatically slows the game during hardware-heavy situations to prevent crashes and maintain control during massive unit battles.
Are you experiencing this error during large skirmishes or specifically when loading a saved game? Cossacks 1,2 and 3 Info Site - Patch Notes
Cossacks 3 — Out of Memory revitalizes the classic real-time strategy experience with thoughtful enhancements and polished gameplay. The expansion adds a rich campaign that blends historical flavor with challenging missions, while new maps and skirmish scenarios provide excellent variety for both solo and multiplayer matches. Combat feels weighty and tactical: unit formations, terrain, and morale matter more than ever, rewarding strategic planning over rush tactics. The upgraded AI presents smarter opponent behavior without being unfair, and the pacing balances economy management and battlefield action well.
Visually, the game keeps the beloved 17th–18th century aesthetic with crisp unit models and clear UI improvements that make commanding large armies less tedious. Performance is solid on mid-range systems, and the expansion’s sound design—period music and satisfying battle effects—enhances immersion.
While the expansion doesn't reinvent the wheel, it deepens what made the original great: bigger, more tactical battles; engaging scenarios; and enough QoL tweaks to keep longtime fans and newcomers entertained. Highly recommended for RTS enthusiasts who enjoy historically inspired warfare and large-scale skirmishes.
Would you like a shorter blurb or a star rating version for posting?
The "Out of Memory" error in Cossacks 3 usually occurs because the game's engine struggles with modern high-resolution textures or reaches its 32-bit memory limit during long sessions with many units.
Here is a detailed guide to troubleshooting and fixing the issue: 1. Adjust Game Settings (Quick Fixes)
Often, the game tries to load more data than it can handle. Lowering these specific settings can prevent crashes:
Texture Quality: Reduce this to "Medium" or "Low." This is the most common trigger for memory spikes.
Shadows and Antialiasing: Turn these off or lower them significantly to reduce the overhead on your VRAM.
Fullscreen vs. Windowed: Try switching to Windowed Borderless mode; some users find it more stable for memory management. 2. Increase Virtual Memory (Page File)
If your system runs out of physical RAM, it uses a "Page File" on your hard drive. Increasing this can provide a buffer:
Open Windows Settings and search for "View advanced system settings."
Under the Advanced tab, click Settings in the Performance section.
Go to the Advanced tab and click Change under Virtual Memory. Uncheck "Automatically manage paging file size."
Select your C: drive, choose Custom size, and set the Initial and Maximum size to at least 8192 MB (8GB) or 16384 MB (16GB). Click Set and restart your computer. 3. Clear the Shader Cache
Corrupted shader files can cause the game to request excessive memory:
Navigate to your Cossacks 3 installation folder (usually Steam\steamapps\common\Cossacks 3).
Find the folder named shaders or look for files with the .cache extension.
Delete the contents of the cache folder (the game will regenerate them safely when it next launches). 4. Compatibility and Administrative Rights Forcing the game to run in a stable environment can help:
Run as Administrator: Right-click cossacks.exe in the game folder, go to Properties > Compatibility, and check "Run this program as an administrator."
Compatibility Mode: In the same tab, try running the game in compatibility mode for Windows 7. 5. In-Game Population Limits
If you are playing custom games with massive unit caps (e.g., 10,000+ units), the engine will eventually crash regardless of your hardware.
Limit Unit Counts: Try playing with a lower population cap (e.g., 2,000–3,000 units) to stay within the engine's 32-bit architecture limits. 6. Verify Game Integrity (Steam) This is a story about code, desperation, and
If files are missing or corrupted, the game may mismanage resources: Right-click Cossacks 3 in your Steam Library. Select Properties > Local Files. Click Verify integrity of game files.
To resolve the "Out of Memory" (OOM) error in Cossacks 3, the most effective solution is manually increasing your Windows Virtual Memory (Pagefile), as the game's engine often exceeds the default system-managed limits during long matches or high-population battles. Core Fix: Manually Increase Virtual Memory
The game requires a larger "sandpit" of hard drive space to handle its 32,000-unit population cap and complex animations.
Open Advanced System Settings: Right-click "This PC" > Properties > Advanced system settings.
Performance Settings: Under the Advanced tab, click Settings in the Performance section. Virtual Memory: Go to the Advanced tab and click Change.
Custom Size: Uncheck "Automatically manage paging file size for all drives". Set Values: Select your system drive and set a Custom size: Initial size: 8000 MB Maximum size: 16000 MB (or higher if you have the space). Apply: Click Set, then OK, and restart your PC. In-Game Optimization
Disable Auto-Save: Save game files in Cossacks 3 are unusually large (often over 1.5GB). Auto-saving frequently consumes massive amounts of temporary memory and can trigger a crash. Keep your manual save list lean by overwriting old files.
Lower Graphics Settings: Specifically disable Shadows and SSAO, as these are the heaviest hitters for VRAM.
Windowed Mode: Some users report a 70% success rate in avoiding memory violations by running the game in Windowed Format instead of Fullscreen. Hardware-Specific Solutions
AMD GPU Users: If you are using a modern AMD card (RX 6000/7000 series), the OOM error is often a driver compatibility issue with OpenGL.
dgVoodoo2: Download the dgVoodoo2 wrapper. Copy the files from MS/x86 into your Cossacks 3 directory to force the game to run via a more stable virtual GPU interface.
Rollback Drivers: If dgVoodoo2 fails, rolling back to an older "stable" driver (like version 22.5.1) has been suggested by community members.
Integrity Check: Always verify your game files on Steam to ensure no corrupted map files are causing the memory leak. OUT OF MEMORY again :: Cossacks 3 General Discussions
The Cossacks are a group of people known for their exceptional horsemanship, military prowess, and unique cultural heritage. Originating from the steppes of Eastern Europe, particularly in Ukraine and Russia, they have a rich history that spans several centuries.
One of the most notable aspects of Cossack culture is their traditional way of life, which revolves around horseback riding, farming, and military service. They are renowned for their skill in handling horses, and their expertise in cavalry warfare has been recognized and respected by many European armies.
Historically, the Cossacks played a significant role in the defense of the Russian Empire, serving as a sort of military buffer zone against invading forces. They were known for their bravery, loyalty, and martial skills, which earned them a reputation as formidable warriors.
In addition to their military contributions, the Cossacks have also made significant cultural and economic impacts on the regions they inhabited. They developed a distinct culture that blended elements from Ukrainian, Russian, and other European traditions, characterized by their folk music, dance, and art.
However, the Cossacks' way of life has faced significant challenges in modern times. The collectivization policies implemented by the Soviet government in the 20th century led to the suppression of their traditional lifestyle, and many Cossacks were forced to adapt to a more modern, urbanized way of life.
Today, efforts are being made to preserve Cossack culture and traditions. Many Cossack communities continue to practice their traditional skills, such as horsemanship, folk music, and dance. Additionally, there are ongoing initiatives to promote Cossack cultural heritage and to educate younger generations about their history and customs.
In conclusion, the Cossacks are a unique and fascinating group of people with a rich cultural heritage. Their history, traditions, and contributions to society are an integral part of European folklore and history.
As for "3 out of memory work," it seems like this phrase might be related to a computing or technical context, possibly referring to an error or issue related to memory management. If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "3 out of memory work," I'd be happy to try and help further.
Cossacks 3 is a modern remake of the classic real-time strategy game, known for its massive battles involving thousands of units. However, many players encounter the frustrating "Out of Memory" error, which can cause the game to crash during intense sessions or even at startup. This issue usually occurs because the game engine struggles to manage system resources or hits the limits of 32-bit architecture.
Here is a comprehensive guide to fixing the "Out of Memory" error in Cossacks 3 and optimizing your game for maximum stability. 🛠️ Immediate Software Fixes
Most memory issues stem from how the game interacts with your Windows environment. Try these technical adjustments first. 1. Enable the 4GB Patch (Large Address Aware)
Cossacks 3 is a 32-bit application, meaning it is traditionally limited to using 2GB of RAM. The "Out of Memory" error often triggers when the game hits this ceiling. The Tool: Use a utility like "Large Address Aware" (LAA).
The Action: Point the tool to cossacks.exe in your installation folder.
The Result: This allows the game to access up to 4GB of RAM, significantly reducing crashes during large 8-player battles. 2. Increase Windows Page File Size
If your physical RAM is full, Windows uses your hard drive as "virtual memory." If this file is too small, Cossacks 3 will crash. Go to System Properties > Advanced > Performance Settings.
Under the Advanced tab, click Change in the Virtual Memory section. Uncheck "Automatically manage paging file size."
Set a Custom Size (Initial: 4096MB, Maximum: 8192MB or higher depending on your disk space). 3. Run in Compatibility Mode
Older engine architectures sometimes conflict with Windows 10 or 11 memory management. Right-click cossacks.exe. Select Properties > Compatibility.
Check "Run this program in compatibility mode for Windows 7." Check "Run this program as an administrator." ⚙️ In-Game Optimization
Lowering the strain on the engine can prevent memory leaks from reaching a critical point. Adjust Video Settings
High-resolution textures and complex shadows are the biggest memory hogs.
Texture Quality: Reduce from "Very High" to "High" or "Medium." Anti-Aliasing: Turn this off or set it to 2x.
Shadows: Lowering shadow detail provides the biggest performance boost in large-scale battles. Limit Unit Counts
The engine can handle 10,000+ units, but your hardware might not.
If you consistently crash in the late game, try playing maps with a lower population cap.
Clear "corpses" more frequently if using mods that keep bodies on the battlefield. 📂 Steam & Driver Maintenance
Sometimes the memory error isn't about capacity, but about corrupted data. Verify Game Files Open Steam Library. Right-click Cossacks 3 > Properties. Go to Installed Files > Verify integrity of game files.
This replaces any "leaky" or corrupted DLL files that might be mismanaging memory. Update GPU Drivers
Ensure your Nvidia or AMD drivers are current. Memory management for shaders is handled by the GPU; outdated drivers can cause "VRAM" overflows that the game reports as general "Out of Memory" errors. 🖱️ Troubleshooting "Out of Memory" on Launch If you can't even get to the main menu: Anatoly was a historian of failures
Delete the Options Folder: Navigate to C:\Users\[YourName]\Documents\cossacks\profiles. Delete or rename the folder. The game will generate a fresh one with default settings.
Disable Overlays: Turn off Steam Overlay, Discord Overlay, and GeForce Experience. These small programs hook into the game's memory space and can cause conflicts. If you'd like to dive deeper, I can help you with: Finding the exact file path for your installation. Recommending specific mods that improve performance.
Optimizing your Nvidia/AMD Control Panel settings specifically for RTS games.
Players of Cossacks 3 frequently report "Out of Memory" (OOM) errors, even on modern high-end PCs with 32GB+ of RAM. This issue is primarily due to the game's engine limitations—likely its 32-bit architecture—which restricts its ability to access more than a fraction of your system's total memory. Core Reasons for the Error
Engine Bottleneck: Because the game is 32-bit, it can typically only use up to 3-4GB of RAM, regardless of how much you actually have.
Large Maps & Units: High unit counts (up to 16,000) and beta "very large" maps significantly increase memory demands.
Save File Bloat: Cossacks 3 save files are massive (often 1.5GB+ each). Large collections of autosaves can consume disk space needed for virtual memory (pagefile).
AMD Driver Issues: Some AMD users experience crashes specifically with newer drivers, with older versions like 22.5.1 often being more stable. Recommended Solutions
The "Out of Memory" error in Cossacks 3 is a frequent issue that often stems from the game's engine limitations, memory leaks during long sessions, or conflicts with modern hardware (especially AMD GPUs)
. Even high-end systems with significant RAM can trigger this because the game may struggle to address memory correctly or exhausts virtual memory. Steam Community Primary Fixes and Solutions
The most effective community-proven methods to resolve or mitigate this error include: OUT OF MEMORY again :: Cossacks 3 General Discussions
. This common issue often happens because the game is a 32-bit application, which limits how much RAM it can use, even on powerful modern PCs.
Here is a feature-style guide designed to get your armies back on the battlefield.
Overcoming the Siege: How to Fix "Out of Memory" Errors in Cossacks 3 There is nothing quite like the scale of Cossacks 3
. Watching thousands of 17th-century units clash in real-time is a spectacle, but for many players, the experience is cut short not by a superior tactician, but by a frustrating crash to desktop: the dreaded "Out of Memory" Despite modern systems having 16GB or 32GB of RAM, Cossacks 3
often struggles to tap into that power. If your grand conquest is being halted by memory leaks or engine limitations, here is the definitive guide to getting the game back to work. 1. The "4GB Patch" (The Most Effective Fix) Cossacks 3
is a 32-bit executable, it is technically limited to using only 2GB of RAM by default. When the unit count gets high, it hits this ceiling and crashes. The Solution: Use a "Large Address Aware" (LAA) tool or the How to do it: Download a trusted LAA tool, select the cossacks.exe
in your Steam folder, and check the box to allow the application to access more than 2GB of memory. This effectively doubles the memory overhead and solves 90% of crash issues. 2. Adjust Your Virtual Memory (Page File)
Sometimes the game crashes because Windows isn't managing your swap space efficiently during high-intensity gaming.
System Properties > Advanced > Performance Settings > Advanced > Virtual Memory.
Ensure your Page File is set to "System Managed" on the drive where the game is installed, or manually set a high limit (e.g., 8192MB) to provide a safety net when physical RAM fills up. 3. Tackle the Memory Leaks Cossacks 3
is known for "memory leaks," where the game forgets to release RAM it no longer needs. Lower Texture Quality:
High-resolution textures are the biggest memory hogs. Dropping textures from "Very High" to "High" or "Medium" significantly reduces the memory footprint without a massive loss in visual fidelity. Disable V-Sync:
In some engine versions, V-Sync can cause unusual memory spikes. Try disabling it in-game and using your GPU's control panel (NVIDIA/AMD) to cap the frame rate instead. 4. Optimize Engine Settings Inside the game’s installation folder, look for engine.exe.xml or similar configuration files. Fullscreen vs. Windowed: Many players report better stability in Windowed Borderless Clear the Shader Cache:
Sometimes corrupted cache files cause the game to "hang" and bloat in memory. Deleting the
folder in the game directory (the game will recreate them on launch) can provide a fresh start. 5. Mod Awareness If you are running heavy mods like Cossacks 3 Experience
or large unit cap increases, the memory demand scales exponentially. If the crashes persist, try disabling one mod at a time to identify if a specific asset is leaking memory. By applying the and lowering your texture settings
, you move the bottleneck from the software's limitations to your hardware's potential.
Are you experiencing these crashes during specific massive battles, or does the game fail to launch entirely?
Here’s a technical and troubleshooting-focused write-up on the “Out of Memory” error in Cossacks 3 — aimed at players and system administrators looking for a solid, permanent fix.
Cossacks3.exe → Properties → Compatibility → “Disable full‑screen optimizations”.If you want a solution without modifying game files, you can make the "out of memory" error work by reducing demand. Navigate to Settings > Graphics and apply these changes:
| Setting | Recommended Value | | :--- | :--- | | Texture Quality | Medium (High textures eat VRAM and system RAM) | | Shadows | Low or Off | | Unit Detail | Medium | | Anti-aliasing | Off | | Resolution | 1920x1080 or lower (avoid 4K) |
Additionally, reduce the Unit Limit before starting a skirmish:
These changes cut memory usage per unit by nearly 40%, allowing the game to work without the 4GB patch.
The "Cossacks 3 out of memory work" problem is not a sign that your PC is weak. It is a sign that a 32-bit game is trying to simulate 18th-century total war inside a 4GB bottle.
By applying the Large Address Aware flag, optimizing your page file, and optionally using the DXVK Vulkan wrapper, you can force the game to work. The error message will vanish, allowing you to focus on what matters: lining up 500 musketeers and watching the enemy army dissolve in a cloud of smoke.
Do not let a memory leak defeat your campaign. Apply these fixes, save your game often, and reclaim the battlefields of Europe. For the Hetman! For the Cossacks!
Further Reading & Resources:
If you have tried LAA, DXVK, pagefile adjustments, and mods, and the error still appears, you are likely facing a hardware-specific driver conflict.
The 64-bit Workaround (Use the Beta Branch) In 2018, GSC released a beta 64-bit executable for Cossacks 3. It is unstable for some but eliminates the 4GB limit entirely.
After applying steps 1–4, monitor memory usage:
If crash persists at lower memory usage (e.g., 2.5 GB), the issue is fragmentation or a specific corrupted asset. In that case:
%LOCALAPPDATA%\Cossacks3 or Documents\Cossacks 3).