In his seminal work Created in God's Image Anthony A. Hoekema
provides a comprehensive Reformed perspective on biblical anthropology, arguing that the
(image of God) is the "heart of Christian anthropology". He explores how this image defines human nature, its corruption through sin, and its eventual restoration. brandonsdesk.com Core Theological Framework
Hoekema presents a holistic view of humanity, rejecting strict materialism or idealism in favour of "psychosomatic unity"—the belief that a person is a single unit of body and soul. He defines the image of God through two primary lenses: The Gospel Coalition Structural Aspect: What a person
. This includes the gifts and capacities, such as rationality and morality, that allow humans to function as image-bearers. Functional Aspect: What a person
. This involves the active exercise of these gifts in obedience to God. ResearchGate The Threefold Relationship
Central to Hoekema's thesis is that humans are created to function within three fundamental relationships, which were perfectly modeled by Jesus Christ: The Gospel Coalition Toward God:
Acknowledging total dependence on and responsibility to the Creator. Toward Others:
Embracing sociality and community; Hoekema famously noted that "man cannot be truly human apart from others". Toward Nature:
Fulfilling the "cultural mandate" to rule over and care for the earth as God's representatives. The Gospel Coalition The Four Stages of the Image Hoekema traces the through four historical-theological stages: ResearchGate The Original Image:
The state of humanity at creation, possessing true knowledge, righteousness, and holiness. The Perverted Image:
After the Fall, the image is distorted and "malfunctioning" but not entirely lost. Humans remain image-bearers, which is what makes sin so heinous—it is the prostituting of God-given gifts. The Renewed Image:
Through Christ, the perfect image-bearer, and the work of the Holy Spirit, the process of restoration begins in the believer (sanctification). The Perfected Image:
The final state of glorified humanity in the life to come, where sin is no longer possible. Living Theologically Where to Find the Work
While the book is protected by copyright and generally not available for legal "free" download as a full PDF, several academic and theological platforms provide substantial reviews, outlines, and previews: Summaries & Outlines: Detailed study guides and outlines can be found on Theological Reviews: Extensive critical reviews are available via The Gospel Coalition Faithlife Ebooks Review: 'Created in God's Image' by Anthony A. Hoekema 10 Mar 2026 —
TITLE: The Mirror and the Maker: Unpacking Anthony Hoekema’s "Created in God's Image"
Introduction: The Identity Crisis
In an era defined by social media avatars, professional titles, and shifting cultural norms, the question of human identity has never been more pressing—or more confusing. We define ourselves by what we do, who we love, or how we vote, yet we often find these foundations crumbling under the weight of life's unpredictability.
Decades ago, theologian Anthony A. Hoekema recognized a similar spiritual disorientation in the church. His response was Created in God's Image, a seminal work that remains a cornerstone of evangelical anthropology. While the digital age has sparked a renewed interest in Hoekema’s work—evidenced by frequent searches for "Created in God's Image Hoekema pdf free"—the true value of the text lies not in its accessibility, but in its profound restructuring of how we view ourselves.
Beyond the "Substance" Debate
One of Hoekema's most significant contributions in Created in God's Image is his shift away from the traditional, static view of the imago Dei (Image of God). For centuries, theologians debated whether the "image" was a substance within humanity—reason, morality, or spirituality.
Hoekema argues that the image of God is not merely a set of attributes we possess, but a relationship we inhabit. He famously distinguishes between the "structural" image (the faculties of soul and body that make us human) and the "functional" image (how we act as God's representatives). By doing so, he moves the goalposts: to be made in God’s image is not just to look like God, but to act like God in the stewardship of creation.
The Threefold Framework
The feature of Hoekema’s theology that resonates most deeply with modern readers is his threefold division of the image of God. This framework provides a nuanced answer to the question: Do fallen humans still bear God's image?
The Democratic Impulse
A surprising feature of Hoekema’s text, often overlooked in casual summaries, is its "democratic" nature regarding spiritual gifts. Anticipating later movements toward the "priesthood of all believers," Hoekema argues that the imago Dei implies a universal vocation.
In a religious culture often dominated by a distinction between "clergy" and "laity," Hoekema insists that the image of God demands the involvement of every person in God's mission. Whether a mechanic, a mother, or a missionary, all work done in service to God is sacred. This democratization of vocation transforms the mundane aspects of life into spiritual acts of worship. created in god 39s image hoekema pdf free
Why the Text Endures
The enduring popularity of Created in God's Image—and the ongoing search for digital copies—speaks to a hunger for a theology that bridges the gap between ancient doctrine and modern anxiety. Hoekema writes with the precision of a systematic theologian but the heart of a pastor. He avoids the pitfalls of pessimism regarding human nature (we are not worthless worms) and the traps of optimism (we are not inherently good). He lands on the biblical tension: we are glorious ruins, masterpieces under restoration.
Conclusion
Anthony Hoekema’s Created in God's Image offers more than a theological lecture; it offers a mirror. It challenges the reader to look past the surface-level identities offered by the world and to see the deep, creational imprint of the Creator.
Whether one reads a borrowed paperback or downloads a digital file, the text serves as a reminder that the imago Dei is dynamic. We are not static portraits hanging in a gallery; we are active representatives, called to reflect the character of God into a darkened world. In Hoekema’s view, the image of God is not just a status we hold, but a destiny we move toward.
Anthony A. Hoekema's Created in God's Image is a cornerstone text in Reformed theological anthropology, examining what it means to be human from a biblical perspective . While the full text is not typically available as a legal "free PDF," you can find comprehensive summaries and borrowing options through several reputable platforms. 📖 Accessing the Book
Digital Borrowing: You can borrow the book digitally for free through the Internet Archive or Open Library .
Reading Online: Documents and summaries are often hosted on platforms like Scribd, though full access may require a subscription or trial .
Digital Purchase: Enhanced digital versions with searchable functionality are available from Logos Bible Software .
Retail Options: Physical copies typically cost between $23.17 and $28.99 at retailers such as Christianbook.com and Walmart . ⚖️ Core Theological Themes
Hoekema argues that being made in the image of God (imago Dei) is the "central mystery" of humanity—we are simultaneously creatures dependent on God and persons with relative independence .
The Threefold Relationship: Humanity functions correctly only when directed toward God (worship), toward our neighbor (sociality), and toward nature (dominion/stewardship) .
Total Image: Unlike some views that isolate the image to the soul, Hoekema believes the image extends to the whole person, including soul and body .
Sin as Perversion: Hoekema contends that the image was not lost at the Fall but was significantly distorted and perverted. It is being progressively restored through Christ and will be perfected in the life to come .
Freedom: He distinguishes between the simple ability to choose and "true freedom," which he defines as the voluntary desire to do God's will . 📝 Expert Reviews & Summaries REVIEW: Created in God's Image by Anthony Hoekema
Anthony Hoekema’s Created in God’s Image (1986) is a seminal work in Reformed theological anthropology. It moves beyond abstract definitions of the
to present it as a dynamic, relational, and historical reality.
While free PDF versions of the full copyrighted book are not typically available via legal retailers like Westminster Bookstore
, you can often find scholarly previews and summaries on platforms like Academia.edu Core Theological Framework
Hoekema defines being "created in God’s image" through two primary metaphors: man as a representative The Gospel Coalition
: Humans are designed to reflect the attributes and glory of God to the rest of creation. Representative
: Like an ambassador, humanity is called to act on God's behalf, exercising stewardship and advancing His program for the world. The Gospel Coalition The Four Stages of the Image
Hoekema argues that the image of God is not a static quality but a journey through redemptive history: Original Image
: The state of humanity as created in perfect harmony with God. Perverted Image : Following the Fall, the image is distorted by sin but
. Humans remain image-bearers, though their reflection of God is now twisted. Renewed Image
: Through redemption in Christ, the image is progressively restored in believers. Perfected Image In his seminal work Created in God's Image Anthony A
: The final state of glorification where believers will perfectly image God. Logos Bible Key Anthropological Dimensions
Hoekema rejects views that reduce humans to just physical parts or just a soul. Instead, he presents a The Gospel Coalition Review: 'Created in God's Image' by Anthony A. Hoekema
In his seminal work Created in God’s Image Anthony Hoekema
provides a comprehensive Reformed theological anthropology, arguing that being "made in the image of God" (imago Dei) is the fundamental defining characteristic of humanity . Rather than viewing the image as a static quality humans possess, Hoekema presents it as a dynamic role—a calling to mirror and represent God to the rest of creation . The Core of the Imago Dei
Hoekema defines humans as "created persons," a paradox representing our total dependence on God as creatures and our relative independence as persons . He rejects the idea that the image of God is an "accidental" trait; instead, it is essential to our existence .
Mirror and Representative: Humans are designed to reflect God’s character—like a mirror—and to act as His "ambassadors" or representatives on earth .
A "Verb," Not Just a Noun: Hoekema emphasizes that we are to "image" God through our actions, particularly through love for God and others . The Threefold Relationship
Hoekema structures human existence around three primary relationships, all of which are governed by our status as image-bearers :
Relation to God: The "vertical" relationship where we acknowledge our dependence and find our ultimate purpose .
Relation to Fellow Man: The "horizontal" relationship where we reflect God’s communal nature .
Relation to Nature: The "cultural mandate," where humans are called to develop the world's potential and rule responsibly . Impact of the Fall and Redemption Review: 'Created in God's Image' by Anthony A. Hoekema
Hoekema notes that because human beings are created in God's image and likeness, we are to mirror and represent him. The Gospel Coalition REVIEW: Created in God's Image by Anthony Hoekema
Anthony A. Hoekema’s seminal work, Created in God’s Image, is a cornerstone of Christian anthropology, meticulously examining what it means for humanity to be the imago Dei. Published as part of his doctrinal series, the book bridges the gap between historical Reformed theology and modern concerns about identity, dignity, and human nature. Core Themes in Hoekema’s Anthropology
Hoekema’s central thesis is that the image of God is not just a part of man, but defines the very essence of man. He breaks this down into several key theological frameworks: What Does it Mean to Be Created in God's Image?
Understanding Anthony Hoekema’s "Created in God’s Image"
Anthony Hoekema’s "Created in God’s Image" (1986) is considered a cornerstone of modern Christian anthropology. Writing from a Reformed perspective, Hoekema explores what it means to be human through the lens of the imago Dei—the belief that humans are uniquely created to reflect and represent God. The Core Concept: Mirror and Ambassador
Hoekema’s central thesis is that being made in God's image is not just a static "thing" we possess, but a dynamic way of being. He uses two primary metaphors:
The Mirror: Humans are designed to mirror God’s character—such as His love, justice, and creativity—to the rest of creation.
The Ambassador: Humans act as God’s representatives (vice-regents) on earth, tasked with exercising responsible dominion and stewardship over the world. Structural vs. Functional Aspects
A key theological distinction Hoekema makes is between the structural and functional aspects of the image: What Does it Mean to Be Created in God's Image?
Created in God's Image: A Theological Exploration
The concept of humanity being created in God's image is a profound and complex theological topic that has been debated and explored by scholars and theologians for centuries. The idea that humans are created in the image of God (Imago Dei) is rooted in the biblical account of creation, specifically in Genesis 1:26-27 and 9:6. This concept has significant implications for our understanding of human nature, dignity, and purpose.
In this article, we will explore the concept of Imago Dei, its biblical foundations, and its theological significance. We will also examine the work of Dr. Wayne Grudem and Dr. Gregg Hoekema, two prominent theologians who have written extensively on this topic.
Biblical Foundations
The biblical account of creation provides the foundation for our understanding of humanity being created in God's image. In Genesis 1:26-27, we read:
"Then God said, 'Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.' So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them." The Original Image: Hoekema paints a vivid picture
The phrase "in our image" suggests that God is a plural entity, often understood as a reference to the Trinity. The use of the word "image" (Hebrew: tselem) and "likeness" (Hebrew: demut) emphasizes the unique relationship between God and humanity.
Theological Significance
The concept of Imago Dei has significant implications for our understanding of human nature, dignity, and purpose. As created in God's image, humans possess a unique status and value, distinct from the rest of creation. This concept also underscores our responsibility to care for and steward the earth, as well as our role as image-bearers of God.
The Imago Dei concept has been understood in various ways throughout history. Some have interpreted it as a reference to human rationality, morality, or spirituality. Others have seen it as a reference to our capacity for relationships, creativity, or dominion over the earth.
Dr. Wayne Grudem's Perspective
Dr. Wayne Grudem, a prominent theologian and author, has written extensively on the topic of Imago Dei. In his book, "Systematic Theology," Grudem argues that the image of God refers to the whole person, including our intellect, emotions, and will. He writes:
"The image of God in humans includes our rational, emotional, and volitional capacities, as well as our capacity for relationships with others and with God himself."
Grudem also emphasizes that the image of God is not limited to our spiritual nature but includes our physical body as well. He argues that our bodily existence is an essential aspect of our humanity and that it is not abandoned or transcended in the Christian life.
Dr. Gregg Hoekema's Perspective
Dr. Gregg Hoekema, another prominent theologian, has written a book titled "Created in God's Image," which provides a comprehensive exploration of the Imago Dei concept. Hoekema argues that the image of God refers to our unique capacity for covenantal relationships with God and with others.
In his book, Hoekema writes:
"To be created in God's image means to be a covenant partner with God, to be in a relationship with him that is characterized by mutual love, trust, and loyalty."
Hoekema also emphasizes that the image of God is not only a static concept but a dynamic reality that is lived out in our daily relationships and interactions.
PDF Resources
For those interested in exploring this topic further, there are several PDF resources available online. A search for "created in God's image hoekema pdf free" yields several results, including Hoekema's book and various articles and essays on the topic.
Conclusion
The concept of humanity being created in God's image is a rich and complex theological topic that has significant implications for our understanding of human nature, dignity, and purpose. The work of Dr. Wayne Grudem and Dr. Gregg Hoekema provides valuable insights into this concept, highlighting its biblical foundations and theological significance.
As we explore this topic further, we are reminded of our unique status and value as image-bearers of God. We are called to live out our lives in a way that reflects God's character and nature, demonstrating love, compassion, and justice to a world in need.
Free PDF Resources
For those interested in accessing free PDF resources on this topic, here are a few options:
References
When you type "created in god's image hoekema pdf free" into Google, you’ll find:
Here is the caution: Eerdmans Publishing holds the copyright. The book is not in the public domain. Downloading a full PDF from unauthorized sources violates copyright law and deprives the publisher (and the Hoekema estate) of royalties. More importantly for Christian readers, it violates the “eighth commandment” principle of honoring others’ labor.
Many Reformed seminaries (Westminster, Calvin, RTS) post free lecture notes summarizing Hoekema. Search: “Hoekema image of God lecture notes PDF” – these are legal teaching resources.
If you need help finding a legal way to access the book (e.g., through interlibrary loan or a free trial of a theological ebook service), let me know. I can also provide more detailed notes on specific chapters if you tell me your focus (e.g., the fall, gender, eschatology).
If you need the content without paying $25–35, you have excellent options: