Nokia N95 Rom For Eka2l1-------- May 2026
To set up a Go to product viewer dialog for this item. environment on the EKA2L1 emulator, you need specific device firmware dumps (ROM and RPKG files) to recreate the Symbian S60v3 environment. Required Files
Because of legal restrictions, emulators do not come with these files. You must provide your own: ROM file: Typically named SYM.ROM or similar. RPKG file: A repackage of the device's Z drive.
Firmware Source: You can find various firmware versions (like RM-159 or RM-245) on community archival sites like Firmware Center. Installation Steps
The EKA2L1 Wiki provides a graphical interface for this process: Launch EKA2L1: Open the app on your Android device or PC. Access Device Manager:
Android: Tap the three dots (top-right) and select "Devices". PC: Go to File > Install > Device. Install the Dump: Choose "Device Dump" as the installation method. Click the ROM button to browse for your N95 SYM.ROM file. RPKG button and select the corresponding package file. Complete Installation: Press "Install." Once finished, the
should appear in your device list. Ensure it is selected as the active device to run compatible S60v3 games. Running Games N-Gage 2.0: The
was a primary host for N-Gage 2.0. To play these, you must also install the N-Gage 2.0 Installer (SIS file) within the emulator after the device is set up.
Standard Games: You can install .sis or .sisx files directly through the emulator's "Install" menu or by placing game folders into the virtual drive E directory on your storage.
For a collection of compatible software and preconfigured packs, refer to the Important Links page on the EKA2L1 Wiki.
To set up the emulator, you need to install the device firmware (ROM) to recreate the S60v3 environment. 1. Obtain the Nokia N95 ROM Files
You cannot run the emulator without specific system files dumped from the original hardware or sourced from archives. Required Files : You specifically need the
(or a device dump folder) for the Nokia N95, often categorized by its model number, Where to Find : High-quality ROM images for the N95 can be found in the Symbian OS ROMs Collection on Internet Archive 2. Install the Device in EKA2L1 Once you have the emulator installed—available on the Google Play Store GitHub Releases —follow these steps: Launch EKA2L1 : Open the app on your Android device or PC. Access Device Manager
: Click the three dots (menu) in the top-right corner and select (on Android) or go to File > Install > Device Browse for ROM
: Select the "Browse" option and navigate to your downloaded Nokia N95
. The emulator will process the firmware and set up the virtual "Z drive" required to boot the Symbian OS. 3. Configuration & Booting Set as Default
: If you have multiple devices installed (like an N-Gage QD and an N95), ensure the N95 is selected as the active device in the settings. Resolution
: The N95 uses a 240x320 display; EKA2L1 allows you to scale this up for better visual quality on modern screens. 4. Installing Applications (.sis / .sisx) To add software to your virtual N95: File > Install > File Select your Symbian application file (
The app will appear in the emulator's menu for you to launch. N-Gage 2.0 titles that were popular on the N95?
To use a Nokia N95 (S60v3) environment on the EKA2L1 emulator, you must perform a "device dump" or install a firmware ROM that the emulator uses to reconstruct the phone's operating system. Setting Up the Nokia N95 ROM
The N95 falls under the S60v3 platform, which EKA2L1 supports to run high-end Symbian games and applications.
Obtain Firmware Files: You need the system ROM files (often a Z: drive dump or specific .rom/.bin files) from a Nokia N95. These are typically sourced from firmware repositories or personal device backups. Install Device:
Open EKA2L1 and navigate to File > Install/Device (on PC) or Devices > Select Device Dump (on Android). Browse to your N95 ROM file (e.g., SYM.ROM) and select it.
The emulator will process the files to "recreate" the N95 system.
Mounting Games: Once the ROM is installed, you can install .sis or .sisx files (standard Symbian installers) through the emulator's menu. Why use an N95 ROM?
App Compatibility: The N95 uses S60 3rd Edition, which is required for later Symbian 3D games that won't run on older N-Gage (S60v1) ROMs.
Performance: The N95 was a powerhouse in its era; emulating it allows you to run "N-Gage 2.0" titles and advanced Symbian software with upscaled graphics.
Official Documentation: For specific technical issues during the N95 ROM setup, the EKA2L1 Wiki provides detailed troubleshooting steps for device installation.
To run the Go to product viewer dialog for this item. experience on the EKA2L1 emulator, you need a specific firmware dump often referred to as a "ROM". While the N95 is an iconic S60v3 device, the emulator requires specific system files—typically a SYM.ROM and a SYM.RPKG—to recreate the device's environment on your modern hardware. What is EKA2L1?
EKA2L1 is an experimental Symbian OS emulator that supports S60v1, S60v3, and S60v5 platforms. It allows you to play legendary games and run apps from the Symbian era on Android, Windows, and Linux. Because of legal reasons, the emulator does not come with pre-installed firmware. Essential Files for the Nokia N95 Setup
To emulate the Nokia N95 (or similar S60v3 devices), you must source the following: EKA2L1 - Apps on Google Play
Unlocking the Past: A Guide to Installing Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1
The Nokia N95, a legendary smartphone from 2006, is still remembered fondly by many for its exceptional camera, GPS capabilities, and sleek design. Although it's been over 15 years since its release, the N95 remains a beloved device among retro tech enthusiasts. In this article, we'll explore how to breathe new life into your Eka2l1 device by installing a Nokia N95 ROM, giving you a taste of the classic Nokia experience.
What is Eka2l1?
Eka2l1 is a Symbian-based emulator that allows users to run old Symbian OS applications and ROMs on modern devices. It's a popular platform for retro gaming and testing classic Symbian software. By installing a Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1, you can essentially turn your device into a virtual N95, complete with its iconic user interface and features.
Requirements
Before we dive into the installation process, make sure you have:
- Eka2l1 installed on your device (download from the official website)
- A Nokia N95 ROM image (download from a trusted source, e.g., the Internet Archive)
- A compatible device with sufficient storage and processing power
Installation Steps
- Download and prepare the ROM image: Obtain a clean and compatible Nokia N95 ROM image. Ensure it's in a format compatible with Eka2l1 (typically a
.sis or .zip file).
- Launch Eka2l1: Open the Eka2l1 emulator on your device and navigate to the main menu.
- Create a new VM: Create a new virtual machine (VM) by selecting the "New VM" option. Choose the Symbian OS version corresponding to the N95 ROM (e.g., Symbian OS 9.2).
- Configure the VM: Set the VM settings according to your device's specifications. You may need to adjust the memory allocation, graphics settings, and other options to ensure smooth performance.
- Install the ROM: Select the "Install ROM" option and navigate to the location where you stored the N95 ROM image. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process.
- Boot up the N95 ROM: Once the installation is complete, restart the VM and select the "Boot" option. The Nokia N95 ROM should now load, and you'll be greeted with the iconic Nokia startup screen.
Tips and Tricks
- Adjust settings for optimal performance: Experiment with different VM settings to achieve the best performance and graphics quality.
- Use a compatible keyboard or input method: As the N95 ROM is designed for a physical keyboard, you may need to adjust your input method or use an external keyboard for a more authentic experience.
- Explore classic N95 features: Enjoy the classic N95 camera, music player, and other features, which should work seamlessly within the Eka2l1 emulator.
Conclusion
Installing a Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1 is a great way to relive the nostalgia of the iconic smartphone. With these steps, you can unlock the past and experience the legendary N95 on your modern device. Join the community of retro tech enthusiasts and share your experiences with the Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1.
Disclaimer: Please ensure you have the necessary permissions and follow all applicable laws when downloading and installing ROMs. Be aware that installing a ROM may void your device's warranty, and use at your own risk.
EKA2L1 is an experimental open-source emulator that allows you to run Symbian OS software—specifically S60v1, S60v3, and S60v5—on modern 64-bit Android devices and PCs.
is an S60v3 device, and while it is supported, the emulator requires specific system ROM and "device dump" files to recreate its environment. Essential Files for N95 Emulation To emulate the Go to product viewer dialog for this item.
, you cannot simply use a game file; you must first "install" the device into the emulator. You will typically need two types of files: SYM.ROM: The core system firmware.
SYM.RPKG: A repackage of the device's Z: drive, which contains built-in apps and system libraries.
While sites like Firmware Center archive original Nokia firmware, these often need to be converted or "dumped" from a physical device into the formats EKA2L1 recognizes. Installation Guide Using the emulator · EKA2L1/EKA2L1 Wiki - GitHub
Title: The Time Traveler’s SIM Card: Bringing the Nokia N95 Back to Life on EKA2L1
The Setup: A Box of Memories
It started on a rainy Sunday afternoon. I was cleaning out my closet when I found it: the old shoebox full of chargers, tangled wires, and dusty relics of the early 2000s. Buried beneath a Motorola Razr and a broken Sony Ericsson was the crown jewel of 2007—the Nokia N95.
It was the phone that had it all: a 5-megapixel camera, GPS, dual-slide mechanics, and that satisfying click when you snapped it shut. I pressed the power button, hoping for a vibration. Nothing. I tried the charger. Silence. The battery was swollen, and the mainboard was likely fried. It was a brick.
I resigned myself to the fact that the days of Symbian OS were gone forever. Then, scrolling through my feed later that night, I saw a post in an emulation forum: “EKA2L1 Update: Major improvements to Symbian OS 9.2 compatibility.”
My heart skipped a beat. The N95 ran on Symbian OS 9.2, Feature Pack 1. If the emulator was ready, maybe the N95 wasn't dead—just waiting for a new body.
The Hunt: Finding the Soul
To resurrect a phone in an emulator, you don't need the plastic shell; you need the firmware. This is the part of the story where things get technical, and admittedly, a bit gray-hat.
I spent the better part of the evening scouring the archives of the internet for the specific firmware version—v35.0.002, the final, most stable release for the N95-1. I found a "ROFS" file and a "CORE" file. These binary blobs were the DNA of the device.
I fired up EKA2L1 on my laptop. The interface was utilitarian, a stark contrast to the colorful apps we use today. I navigated to "Install ROM." A window popped up asking for the device type.
N95.
I selected the files. The emulator threw a warning about missing dependencies. I needed the Loader files (the ROFS). I dragged and dropped, crossing my fingers that the checksums would match.
The Reboot: A Familiar Handshake
I hit "Launch."
For a second, a black screen. Then, the most beautiful, pixelated sound I had heard in fifteen years pierced the silence.
Da-da-da-daaa. Da-da-da-daaa.
The classic Nokia handshake animation appeared, centered on my high-resolution monitor. The screen resolution was low (240x320), blown up to the size of a dinner plate on my 4K monitor, but it looked perfect.
The boot sequence finished, and there it was. The standby screen. The active standby plugins. The "Search" bar that was revolutionary back in the day. It wasn't a touch screen; it was a digital representation of one.
The Experience: Muscle Memory
Using EKA2L1 is a surreal experience. I had to map my keyboard to the N95’s unique layout. W, A, S, D became the D-pad. Z became the left soft key. Spacebar became the center select.
But the N95 had a secret weapon: the slider.
On screen, I clicked a virtual button to "Slide Open." The interface rotated instantly to landscape mode. Suddenly, I was looking at the media keys. I loaded up the Gallery. There were the sample photos—the girl with the headphones, the snowy forest. They looked grainy, full of noise, but they had character.
I tried
8. Conclusion
The “Nokia N95 ROM for EKA2L1” is not just a nostalgic artifact — it’s a technical challenge of accurately emulating a 2007 ARM11 smartphone on modern x86_64/ARM hosts. While far from perfect, EKA2L1 can already boot the N95’s firmware, run many SIS apps, and offer debugging capabilities impossible on original hardware. It remains a vibrant project for Symbian OS preservationists and reverse engineers.
If you’re looking to try it:
- Obtain your own N95 ROM dump legally.
- Download latest EKA2L1 build (GitHub: “EKA2L1”).
- Configure the device profile as “Nokia N95 (RM-159)”.
- Expect glitches — and contribute logs to the developers.
Relive the Legend: How to Set Up the Nokia N95 ROM on EKA2L1
The Nokia N95 was once the pinnacle of mobile technology, a "multimedia computer" that defined the Symbian era. Today, you can bring that experience to your modern device using EKA2L1, a powerful cross-platform Symbian emulator that supports S60v3 hardware like the N95. Nokia N95 Rom For Eka2l1--------
Setting up an N95 ROM allows you to run classic Symbian apps and games with the authentic firmware environment of the mid-2000s. Prerequisites Before you begin, ensure you have the following:
EKA2L1 Emulator: Download the latest build from the Google Play Store for Android or the official GitHub repository for PC.
Nokia N95 Firmware Files: You specifically need a ROM dump (often a .rom or .bin file) and a repackage of the Z drive (.rpkg). These can often be found on community archives like the Internet Archive. Step-by-Step Installation Guide 1. Install the Emulator
Install the app on your Android device or extract the .zip file on your PC. On Windows, the executable is typically named eka2l1_qt.exe. 2. Flash the N95 Device ROM
To make the emulator act like an N95, you must "install" the device firmware:
Open EKA2L1 and navigate to the File menu (PC) or the three dots in the corner (Android). Select Install/Device. Choose Device Dump as your install method.
Browse and select your N95 SYM.ROM and SYM.RPKG files when prompted. Click Install and wait for the process to complete. 3. Select Your Device
Once installed, go to the Devices menu within the app settings. Ensure the Nokia N95 is selected in the dropdown menu as the active device. 4. Installing Apps and Games
With the N95 firmware active, you can now install Symbian software:
Click the (+) icon in the emulator to select .sis or .sisx files.
For N-Gage games, you may need to manually copy folders into the emulator's virtual drive (usually located at data/drives/e/system/apps in your storage). Pro Tips for the Best Experience
Access Restricted Storage: On newer Android versions, you may need a specialized file manager like FV File Explorer with Shizuku to access the Android/data folder where EKA2L1 stores its files.
Map Your Keys: The N95 had a unique sliding keypad. Use the emulator's custom key mapping features to assign your screen or physical controller buttons to the original Nokia layout.
Verify Compatibility: While many software-rendered games run perfectly, some complex 3D apps may still have graphical glitches.
- A technical guide on installing a custom ROM for the Nokia N95 (EKA2L1 Symbian emulator) — step-by-step instructions and troubleshooting; or
- An informational article about the Nokia N95 ROM and using EKA2L1 (history, features, legal/compatibility notes); or
- A short README-style file to accompany ROM files for running under EKA2L1; or
- Something else — please specify.
Pick one (1–4).
Unlocking the Power of Nokia N95 ROM for Eka2l1: A Comprehensive Guide
The Nokia N95, a legendary smartphone that once revolutionized the mobile world, still holds a special place in the hearts of many tech enthusiasts. Released in 2006, this Symbian-based device was a powerhouse of its time, boasting an impressive 5-megapixel camera, GPS, and a sleek design. Although it's been years since its release, the Nokia N95 remains a popular choice among retro tech enthusiasts and developers.
Recently, a new project has been gaining traction in the tech community: porting the Nokia N95 ROM to the Eka2l1 platform. For those unfamiliar, Eka2l1 is a popular emulator that allows users to run Symbian OS on modern devices. In this article, we'll explore the world of Nokia N95 ROM for Eka2l1, discussing the benefits, challenges, and step-by-step guide on how to install and experience this iconic OS on your device.
What is Eka2l1?
Eka2l1 is an open-source emulator that enables users to run Symbian OS on various platforms, including Windows, Linux, and macOS. Developed by a team of passionate developers, Eka2l1 aims to provide a seamless experience for users who want to relive the nostalgia of Symbian OS or experiment with its unique features.
Why Port Nokia N95 ROM to Eka2l1?
The Nokia N95 ROM is a highly sought-after firmware, known for its stability, features, and iconic user interface. By porting it to Eka2l1, users can experience the classic Nokia N95 OS on modern devices, free from the limitations of the original hardware. This project offers several benefits:
- Revive the nostalgia: Run the iconic Nokia N95 OS on your modern device and relive the memories of the past.
- Experiment with classic features: Explore the unique features of Symbian OS, such as its intuitive interface, customizable settings, and built-in apps.
- Development and testing: The Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1 provides a stable and feature-rich environment for developers to test and experiment with new apps and tweaks.
Challenges and Limitations
While the idea of running Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1 sounds exciting, it's essential to acknowledge the challenges and limitations:
- Emulation complexity: Symbian OS is a complex operating system, and emulating it accurately on modern hardware can be a daunting task.
- Compatibility issues: Some features and apps may not work as expected due to differences in hardware and software.
- Stability and performance: The emulator may not provide the same level of stability and performance as the original device.
Step-by-Step Guide to Installing Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1
If you're eager to experience the Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1, follow these steps:
Prerequisites:
- Eka2l1 emulator installed on your device (Windows, Linux, or macOS)
- Nokia N95 ROM image (available online, but be cautious of copyright and licensing restrictions)
- A compatible device with sufficient storage and processing power
Installation steps:
- Download and install Eka2l1: Get the latest version of Eka2l1 from the official GitHub repository or other trusted sources.
- Obtain the Nokia N95 ROM image: Find a reliable source for the Nokia N95 ROM image, ensuring it's compatible with Eka2l1.
- Configure Eka2l1: Launch Eka2l1 and configure the emulator settings, such as display resolution, keyboard layout, and audio settings.
- Load the Nokia N95 ROM image: Use Eka2l1's built-in tools to load the Nokia N95 ROM image.
- Boot and explore: Start the emulator and explore the Nokia N95 OS on your modern device.
Tips and Tricks
To get the most out of your Nokia N95 ROM experience on Eka2l1:
- Customize settings: Adjust Eka2l1 settings to optimize performance, graphics, and audio.
- Experiment with apps: Try out classic Symbian apps, such as the web browser, email client, and games.
- Develop and test: Use the Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1 as a testing environment for your own app development projects.
Conclusion
The Nokia N95 ROM for Eka2l1 project offers a unique opportunity to experience the iconic Symbian OS on modern devices. While challenges and limitations exist, the benefits of nostalgia, experimentation, and development make this project an exciting and worthwhile endeavor. By following the step-by-step guide and tips provided, you can unlock the power of Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1 and relive the magic of a bygone era.
Additional Resources
Join the conversation and share your experiences with Nokia N95 ROM on Eka2l1 in the comments below! To set up a Go to product viewer dialog for this item
Nokia N95 ROM Guide for Eka2l1
Introduction
The Nokia N95 is a classic smartphone that was released in 2006. While it's no longer supported by Nokia, the device can still be used with custom ROMs. Eka2l1 is a popular emulator that allows you to run Symbian OS on modern devices. In this guide, we'll walk you through the process of installing a custom ROM on your Nokia N95 using Eka2l1.
Requirements
- Nokia N95 device
- Eka2l1 emulator installed on your device
- Custom ROM image (e.g., Symbian OS)
- USB cable
- Computer with Windows or Linux
Preparation
- Backup your data: Before installing a custom ROM, make sure to backup your important data, such as contacts, messages, and files.
- Charge your device: Ensure your Nokia N95 is fully charged before proceeding.
- Install Eka2l1: If you haven't already, download and install Eka2l1 on your device.
Downloading the Custom ROM
- Find a reliable source: Look for a reputable website or forum that offers custom ROMs for the Nokia N95.
- Download the ROM image: Download the custom ROM image (e.g., Symbian OS) compatible with your device.
Installing the Custom ROM
- Connect your device to your computer: Use a USB cable to connect your Nokia N95 to your computer.
- Open Eka2l1: Launch Eka2l1 on your device.
- Create a new virtual device: In Eka2l1, create a new virtual device and select the Nokia N95 as the model.
- Mount the ROM image: Mount the custom ROM image to the virtual device.
- Install the ROM: Follow the on-screen instructions to install the custom ROM.
Post-Installation
- Configure your device: Configure your device settings, such as language, time zone, and network settings.
- Restore your data: Restore your backed-up data to your device.
Troubleshooting
- Bootloop: If your device gets stuck in a bootloop, try resetting the device or re-installing the ROM.
- Errors during installation: If you encounter errors during installation, ensure that the ROM image is compatible with your device and that you've followed the installation instructions correctly.
Conclusion
Installing a custom ROM on your Nokia N95 using Eka2l1 can breathe new life into your classic device. Be sure to follow the guide carefully and take necessary precautions to avoid any issues. If you encounter any problems, refer to the troubleshooting section or seek help from online forums or communities.
The Nokia N95 is widely regarded as the pinnacle of the pre-iPhone era, often marketed as a "multimedia computer" that integrated GPS, a 5-megapixel Carl Zeiss camera, and dual-sliding hardware into a single handheld device . Today, its legacy is preserved through
, an experimental cross-platform Symbian OS emulator that allows users to relive the S60v3 experience on modern Android and PC hardware. 1. The Role of the ROM in Emulation
To function, EKA2L1 requires a "device dump," which consists of the original firmware and a repackage of the device's The ROM (SIM.ROM):
Acts as the BIOS or system core, telling the emulator how to behave like a specific Nokia model, such as the N95. The Z Drive:
Contains the read-only system files and built-in applications that were standard on the original device. Preservation:
Because Nokia no longer supports Symbian, these ROMs are vital for digital preservation, allowing software-rendered games and apps to run at higher framerates than the original hardware could achieve. 2. Setting Up the N95 on EKA2L1
Setting up an N95 ROM within EKA2L1 involves a specific workflow to ensure compatibility with S60v3 software: Installation: Download the EKA2L1 emulator from the Google Play Store official GitHub repository Mounting the Device: Within the emulator's GUI, navigate to File > Install Device
. You must browse for and select your specific N95 ROM file (often named Configuring Data:
The emulator typically stores data in a local folder. For S60v3 devices like the N95, you may need to manually copy specific files into the folder or application files into the
directory within the emulator's virtual drive system to run certain games. 3. Why Emulate the N95?
The N95 was the "all-in-one" flagship of 2007. Emulating it on EKA2L1 offers several benefits: EKA2L1 - Apps on Google Play
To set up the Nokia N95 on the EKA2L1 emulator, you need the appropriate device firmware (ROM) and a repackaged file system (Z drive) to create a virtual Symbian environment on your PC or Android device. The Nokia N95 is an S60v3 device, and while EKA2L1 often uses the Nokia 5320 XpressMusic as a primary recommendation for S60v3 compatibility, the N95 (RM-159) can also be emulated for running its specific software and 3D games. Essential Requirements
Emulator: Download the latest version of EKA2L1 from GitHub or the Google Play Store .
Nokia N95 Firmware: You will need the SYM.ROM and SYM.RPKG (Z drive repackage) files specific to the N95 RM-159 or RM-245.
Hardware: A 64-bit device with a capable CPU and RAM is recommended for smooth performance, especially for hardware-rendered games. How to Install the Nokia N95 ROM
To run the Nokia N95 on the emulator, you need a specific ROM dump (often in
format) and the associated Z: drive files. EKA2L1 is an open-source Symbian OS emulator that supports S60v3 devices like the N95 Where to Find the Nokia N95 ROM
You can find downloadable RPKG ROM images for the Nokia N95 at the Symbian OS ROMs Collection on Internet Archive
, which is a primary source for emulation and reverse engineering files How to Install the ROM in EKA2L1 Open the Emulator : Launch EKA2L1 on your PC or Android device Google Play Access the Installation Menu : In the GUI, navigate to File > Install Device Select the ROM : Choose the downloaded Nokia N95
file. The emulator's built-in companion should guide you through the automated setup process Confirm the Symbian Version : The Nokia N95 runs on S60v3 (Symbian OS 9.2)
. Ensure the emulator correctly identifies this version during the installation Troubleshooting Missing Files
: If the automatic installation fails to determine the Symbian version, you may need to manually point the emulator to the device's firmware files Compatibility
: While the N95 is one of the most compatible devices, some system apps may still exhibit errors as features like "Save States" are currently a low priority for the developers : For specific errors, you can check the EKA2L1 GitHub Wiki or contact the developers via their support email at cc@12l1.com once the N95 ROM is set up? Eka2l1 installed on your device (download from the
hstsethi/awesome-symbian: An Awesome List about ... - GitHub
1. Download EKA2L1
Head to the official GitHub releases page. Do not use the ancient 2019 builds. Download the latest Qt6 version for your OS.
7. Future Possibilities
- JIT recompiler improvements – Currently Dynarmic or LLVM backend. Better JIT would speed up 3D games.
- GPU LLE (Low-Level Emulation) – Reverse-engineer MBX register interface to run unmodified binary shaders.
- Multi-ROM support – Boot managers to switch between N95, N82, N86 ROMs on the fly.
- Symbian Android Runtime – Not viable (license restrictions), but EKA2L1 could be ported as an Android app (already exists experimentally).
