Powercraft - Generator 3200 Dv Manual New [patched]

The Powercraft 3200DV is a heavy-duty, dual-voltage generator often sold at retailers like Aldi. It is widely considered a budget-friendly powerhouse for those who need high output without the premium price tag of brands like Honda. Performance and Value

High Power Output: With a 6.5hp engine delivering a maximum of 3.2kW, it provides enough "grunt" to run various tools and appliances simultaneously during power outages or on worksites.

Exceptional Price Point: Users frequently highlight its value, noting it is often available for a fraction of the cost of similar-spec industrial units.

Reliability: Reviewers on UK-Preppers report that the unit typically starts on the first pull, even after sitting idle. Key Features

Dual Voltage: Its primary advantage is the ability to switch between 110V and 230V, making it suitable for both standard home appliances and industrial site tools.

Build Quality: Weighing approximately 47kg, it is a substantial, heavy unit that reflects its industrial-leaning design rather than being a lightweight portable option. Trade-offs to Consider

Noise Level: Unlike modern "silent" inverter generators, the

is described as very noisy. It uses a 250cc engine without significant exhaust baffling, which may make it unsuitable for quiet campsites or areas where noise restrictions are enforced.

Portability: Due to its weight, it can be difficult for one person to move easily without a dedicated wheel kit.

Sensitive Electronics: As a traditional open-frame generator, it may not provide the "clean" power required for highly sensitive electronics like laptops or high-end medical equipment without a surge protector. Maintenance and Manual Advice

To keep the unit running reliably, users and service experts like Generator Guru recommend:

Fuel Care: Drain the carburetor and use fuel stabilizers if storing for more than 30 days to prevent "gumming".

Routine Service: Regularly check the air filter and spark plugs, as these are common points of failure in petrol-driven units.

Parts Availability: Despite being a budget brand, replacement parts like AVRS, air filters, and recoil starters are readily available online.

Watch this troubleshooting guide to learn how to maintain and repair common issues with petrol generators like the Powercraft 3200DV: How to fix it! Generator problems and maintenance. Our Kilkenny Homestead YouTube• Jul 25, 2025 Powercraft 3200DV - Parts and Spares - Generator Guru

using the dipstick (fill to the upper mark if low) and verify fuel levels Starting Procedure: fuel valve to the "ON" position. choke lever to the "START" (closed) position for a cold engine. engine switch recoil starter handle firmly. powercraft generator 3200 dv manual new

Once the engine warms up, move the choke lever back to the "RUN" (open) position. DC Charging:

To use the 12V DC terminals for charging automotive batteries, the AC circuit breakers must often be switched to the "OFF" position. Maintenance & Parts

Regular upkeep is critical for longevity. Common replacement parts for the 3200DV include air filters, spark plugs, and carburetors, which are available through specialists like Generator Guru Powercraft 3200DV - Parts and Spares - Generator Guru

Powercraft Generator 3200 DV Manual New: A Comprehensive Guide

Are you in the market for a reliable and efficient generator to power your home, RV, or outdoor activities? Look no further than the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV. This powerful and versatile generator is designed to provide a steady supply of electricity, and with its manual new features, it's an excellent choice for those who want control and flexibility. In this article, we'll take a closer look at the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new, its features, benefits, and what sets it apart from other generators on the market.

Overview of the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV

The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV is a 3200-watt dual-voltage generator that is designed to provide a reliable source of power for a variety of applications. With its powerful engine and advanced features, this generator is perfect for:

• Home backup power during outages
• RV and camping trips
• Outdoor events and parties
• Construction sites and remote work

Key Features of the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV Manual New

The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new comes with a range of innovative features that make it an excellent choice for those who want a reliable and efficient generator. Some of the key features include:

• Dual-Voltage Capability: The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV can operate at both 120V and 240V, making it versatile for a range of applications.
• 3200 Watts of Power: With its powerful engine, this generator can handle a maximum load of 3200 watts, making it suitable for powering multiple appliances and devices.
• Manual Start: The manual new feature allows you to start the generator with a simple pull of the cord, giving you control and flexibility.
• Digital Display: The generator features a digital display that shows important information such as voltage, frequency, and oil level.
• Multiple Outlets: The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV comes with multiple outlets, including 120V and 240V receptacles, making it easy to connect your appliances and devices.

Benefits of the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV Manual New

The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new offers a range of benefits that make it an excellent choice for those who want a reliable and efficient generator. Some of the benefits include:

• Reliability: With its powerful engine and advanced features, this generator is designed to provide a steady supply of electricity, even in demanding applications.
• Flexibility: The dual-voltage capability and multiple outlets make it easy to use the generator for a range of applications.
• Control: The manual new feature gives you control over the generator, allowing you to start and stop it as needed.
• Portability: The generator is designed to be compact and lightweight, making it easy to transport to remote locations.

What Sets the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV Manual New Apart

The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new stands out from other generators on the market in several ways. Some of the key differentiators include:

• Advanced Features: The generator features a range of advanced features, including a digital display and multiple outlets, that make it easy to use and monitor.
• High-Quality Engine: The generator is powered by a high-quality engine that is designed to provide a reliable source of power.
• Durable Construction: The generator is built with durable materials and is designed to withstand the rigors of frequent use.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

To ensure that your Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new continues to operate reliably and efficiently, regular maintenance is essential. Some maintenance tasks to perform include:

• Oil Changes: Regular oil changes are essential to extend the life of the generator.
• Air Filter Maintenance: The air filter should be cleaned or replaced regularly to ensure proper airflow.
• Spark Plug Maintenance: The spark plug should be cleaned or replaced regularly to ensure proper engine performance.

In the event of a problem, the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new comes with a troubleshooting guide that helps you identify and fix common issues.

Conclusion

The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new is a reliable and efficient generator that is designed to provide a steady supply of electricity for a range of applications. With its advanced features, dual-voltage capability, and manual new feature, this generator is an excellent choice for those who want control and flexibility. Whether you're looking for a generator for home backup power, RV and camping trips, or outdoor events, the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new is a great option to consider.

Specifications

• Power: 3200 watts
• Voltage: 120V/240V
• Engine: 4-stroke, single-cylinder
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 7.5 gallons
• Run Time: Up to 12 hours
• Weight: 135 pounds
• Dimensions: 24 x 18 x 22 inches

Warranty

The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new comes with a comprehensive warranty that covers parts and labor for a specified period. For more information on the warranty, please consult the manufacturer's documentation.

Where to Buy

The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new is available for purchase at a range of online retailers, including Amazon, Home Depot, and Walmart. You can also check with local generator dealers and equipment rental stores for availability.

Price

The price of the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV manual new varies depending on the retailer and location. On average, you can expect to pay between $800 and $1,200 for this generator.

FAQs

Q: What is the fuel capacity of the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV? A: The fuel tank capacity is 7.5 gallons.

Q: How long does the generator run on a single tank of fuel? A: The generator can run for up to 12 hours on a single tank of fuel.

Q: What is the warranty period for the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV? A: The warranty period varies depending on the manufacturer and retailer. Please consult the documentation for more information.

Q: Can I use the generator for home backup power? A: Yes, the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV is suitable for home backup power during outages. However, it's essential to consult with a professional to ensure that the generator is installed and configured correctly.

Powering Up: The Ultimate Guide to the Powercraft 3200 DV Generator

Whether you’re prepping for a storm or planning a remote DIY project, having a reliable power source like the Powercraft 3200 DV

is a game-changer. This 3.2kW workhorse is known for its durability and dual-voltage versatility.

If you’ve just unboxed a new unit or found one in storage, this guide—inspired by official manual procedures—will help you set it up, start it safely, and keep it running for years. Key Specifications at a Glance Engine: 6.5hp - 7hp OHV 4-stroke engine. Output: 3.2kW (3200 Watts) maximum power.

Outlets: Typically features dual sockets, often supporting both 110V and 230V/240V (Dual Voltage).

Portability: Heavy-duty steel frame, often with a wheel and handle kit for transport. Step-by-Step Startup Guide US : 1-855-955-2534 (ask for product support /

Starting a portable generator is straightforward, but safety is paramount. Always operate the unit outdoors and at least 20 feet away from windows or doors to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. How To Set Up an Electrical Generator

is a gasoline-powered workhorse known for its 3.2kW output and versatile 110V/240V capabilities

. Whether you need it for heavy-duty tools or home appliances, this manual-style guide covers everything you need to know. 1. Key Specifications at a Glance

Understanding what’s under the hood helps you manage your power load effectively: : 6.5hp OHV 4-stroke air-cooled gasoline engine. Max Output : 3200 Watts (3.2kW).

: Dual Voltage (DV) system supporting both 110V and 240V outlets. Starting System : Recoil (pull) start. Safety Features : Low oil alert/shut-off and overload circuit breakers. 2. Pre-Operation Checklist

Before you pull that cord, ensure the unit is ready for a safe start:

Kit Review: 3.2Kw "Powercraft" Generator - uk-preppers.co.uk

Overview

The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV is a dual-voltage generator designed for various applications, including camping, RVing, and small-scale industrial use. The "DV" in its name stands for "Dual Voltage," indicating that it can produce power at both 120V and 240V.

Key Features

Here are the main features of the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV:

1. Power Output: The generator produces 3200 watts of peak power and 2800 watts of continuous power.
2. Dual Voltage: It can operate at both 120V and 240V, making it versatile for different applications.
3. Engine: The generator is powered by a 4-stroke, single-cylinder engine with a displacement of 196cc.
4. Fuel Tank: It has a 6.5-gallon fuel tank, which provides a runtime of around 12 hours at 50% load.
5. Outlets: The generator comes with multiple outlets, including two 120V outlets, one 240V outlet, and one 12V DC outlet.
6. Safety Features: It has an automatic shut-off feature in case of low oil levels, overheat protection, and a circuit breaker for overload protection.

Manual Overview

The manual for the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV provides detailed information on the following aspects:

1. Safety Precautions: The manual emphasizes the importance of safety precautions when operating the generator, including proper ventilation, electrical shock prevention, and fire prevention.
2. Assembly and Installation: It provides step-by-step instructions for assembling and installing the generator, including instructions for mounting the wheels and handle.
3. Operating Instructions: The manual explains how to start and operate the generator, including instructions for setting the voltage, using the outlets, and monitoring the generator's performance.
4. Maintenance: It provides a maintenance schedule and instructions for routine checks, oil changes, and filter replacements.
5. Troubleshooting: The manual includes a troubleshooting guide to help users diagnose and resolve common issues.

Pros and Cons

Based on user reviews and feedback, here are some pros and cons of the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV:

Pros:

• Reliable Performance: Users praise the generator's reliable performance, citing its ability to power appliances and tools without issues.
• Easy to Use: Many users appreciate the generator's ease of use, citing its simple starting procedure and intuitive controls.
• Affordable: The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV is generally priced lower than comparable generators on the market.

Cons:

• Noise Level: Some users note that the generator can be quite loud, especially during heavy loads.
• Limited Warranty: The manufacturer's warranty is limited to one year, which may not be as comprehensive as some users would like.
• Weight: The generator is relatively heavy, which can make it difficult to transport for some users.

Conclusion

The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV is a reliable and versatile generator suitable for various applications. While it has some limitations, such as noise level and warranty concerns, its pros make it a solid choice for those seeking a affordable and easy-to-use generator.

If you're considering purchasing the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV, ensure you:

• Carefully review the manual to understand its operation, maintenance, and safety precautions.
• Assess your power needs to ensure the generator can handle your requirements.
• Consider additional features, such as noise reduction or extended warranty options.

By doing so, you'll be well-equipped to make an informed decision and get the most out of your Powercraft Generator 3200 DV.

The Powercraft 3200 DV is a dual-voltage petrol generator designed to provide versatile power for domestic backup, DIY projects, and light commercial use. Its "DV" designation highlights its ability to switch between 110V and 240V outputs, making it compatible with both standard household appliances and specialized site tools. Core Technical Profile

Driven by a 6.5 HP 4-stroke OHV engine, the unit typically delivers a maximum output of 3.2 kW (3200 watts) with a rated continuous output of approximately 2.8 kW.

Dual-Voltage Versatility: It features dedicated sockets for 110V and 240V. Users should note that dual-voltage generators often provide only 50–60% of their rated wattage when using the 120V/110V sockets alone.

Key Components: The machine includes an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) to stabilize output, a large 15–17L fuel tank for extended run times (often 10+ hours at 50% load), and a low-oil shutdown sensor to prevent engine seizure. Essential Operational Procedures

To ensure longevity and safety when using a "new" unit, following the manufacturer's manual is critical: Powercraft 3200 - Parts and Spares - Generator Guru

Title: Operating and Maintenance Manual for Powercraft Generator 3200 DV

Introduction: The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV is a reliable and efficient diesel-powered generator designed for various applications, including construction, agriculture, and emergency power backup. This manual provides essential information for the safe and effective operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of the Powercraft Generator 3200 DV.

Specifications:

• Model: Powercraft Generator 3200 DV
• Power Rating: 3200 watts
• Engine: Diesel engine, 4-stroke, single-cylinder
• Fuel Tank Capacity: 15 liters
• Frequency: 50 Hz
• Voltage: 230V/400V (3-phase)
• Current: 13.9A/5.7A (3-phase)
• Power Factor: 0.8 (lagging)

Safety Precautions:

1. Read this manual carefully before operating the generator.
2. Ensure proper ventilation to avoid inhalation of exhaust fumes.
3. Keep loose clothing and long hair tied back while operating the generator.
4. Never touch electrical components with wet hands or while standing on a wet surface.
5. Ensure the generator is properly grounded to prevent electrical shock.

Operating Instructions:

1. Pre-Start Checks:
   • Check the fuel level and top up if necessary.
   • Check the oil level and top up if necessary.
   • Check the air filter and clean or replace if necessary.
2. Starting the Generator:
   • Turn the ignition switch to the "ON" position.
   • Press the start button.
   • The generator will start and the control panel will display the voltage and frequency.
3. Operating the Generator:
   • Monitor the control panel for voltage, frequency, and oil pressure.
   • Adjust the throttle to achieve the desired power output.

Maintenance Schedule:

1. Daily:
   • Check the oil level and top up if necessary.
   • Check the air filter and clean or replace if necessary.
2. Weekly:
   • Check the fuel level and top up if necessary.
   • Check the coolant level and top up if necessary.
3. Monthly:
   • Change the oil and filter.
   • Check the spark plug and clean or replace if necessary.

Troubleshooting:

1. Generator Not Starting:
   • Check the fuel level and ensure the fuel valve is open.
   • Check the ignition switch and wiring for damage.
2. Low Voltage or Frequency:
   • Check the voltage regulator and adjust if necessary.
   • Check the engine speed and adjust if necessary.

Warranty and Disclaimer: The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV is covered by a limited warranty. Please refer to the warranty documentation for details. The manufacturer disclaims any liability for damages or injuries caused by improper use, maintenance, or repair of the generator.

Conclusion: The Powercraft Generator 3200 DV is a reliable and efficient generator designed for various applications. By following the operating and maintenance instructions outlined in this manual, users can ensure safe and effective operation of the generator. Regular maintenance and troubleshooting can help prevent issues and prolong the lifespan of the generator.

Appendix:

• Technical specifications
• Wiring diagram
• Parts list

The Powercraft 3200 DV (6.5hp) is generally reviewed as a robust, "workhorse" generator that offers high value for its price, particularly for budget-conscious users. It is most frequently praised for its ability to handle demanding power needs during outages or at remote sites.  Performance Highlights 

Powerful Output: With a 3.2kW rating, users report it comfortably runs multiple appliances, including fridges, freezers, water pumps, and even MIG welders.

Reliable Starting: Many reviewers note that it "starts first time" even after sitting for long periods.

Dual Voltage Versatility: The "DV" model provides both 110V and 240V sockets, making it adaptable for both standard household items and construction tools.  Key Considerations 

Noise Level: A common critique is its high noise output. Since it uses a 250cc petrol engine with minimal baffling, it is significantly louder than modern inverter generators and may not be suitable for quiet campsites.

Weight and Portability: At approximately 47kg–48kg, it is described as "massive and very heavy," often requiring two people or a vehicle to move easily.

Maintenance & Parts: While reliable, some users have noted difficulty sourcing specific replacement parts (like inverters) locally, though parts can often be found through global marketplaces like eBay.  Technical Specifications Summary  Feature  Engine 6.5hp 4-stroke petrol Rated Power 3.2kW (3200W) Voltage Dual Voltage (110V / 240V) Weight ~47kg (103 lbs) Starting Mechanism Manual recoil pull-start

For official operating procedures, safety labels, and maintenance schedules, you can refer to general Owner's Manuals for similar open-frame petrol generators, which detail essential steps like oil alert systems and circuit breaker resets. 

Kit Review: 3.2Kw "Powercraft" Generator - uk-preppers.co.uk

The Powercraft 3200DV is a robust, portable petrol generator typically featuring a 6.5hp engine capable of a 3.2kW (3200W) maximum output. This "DV" (Dual Voltage) model is known for providing multiple output options, usually including 110V and 240V AC sockets, making it suitable for both domestic and site use. Pre-Operation Checklist

Safety First: Only operate the generator outdoors in a well-ventilated area. Ensure it is placed on a flat, level surface with at least two feet of clearance on all sides.

Check Oil: Use 10W-30 engine oil for general use. Ensure the oil level reaches the specified line on the dipstick; many models have a low-oil shut-off to protect the engine if levels are too low.

Check Fuel: Use fresh unleaded gasoline. Do not overfill; leave about one inch of space from the rim to allow for fuel expansion. Starting Procedure

Owner’s Manual & Safety Instructions - Harbor Freight Tools

The Powercraft 3200 DV is a popular portable generator known for its 6.5hp engine and 3.2kW output. Finding a physical "new" manual can be difficult since these units are often older, but digital versions and technical support are available. Where to Find the Manual

You can access the manual and maintenance information through the following resources:

Generator Guru: This site offers a free online manual and repair advice specifically for the PC3200DV and PC3200DV-10 models. It is a primary source for exploded parts diagrams and technical specifications.

ALDI Support: Since Powercraft was a brand frequently sold through ALDI, you can sometimes find archived digital manuals by searching their product support page with the specific 8-digit product code found on your generator's rating plate. Core Specifications Engine: 6.5hp gasoline engine. Output: 3.2kW (3200 Watts). Fuel Type: Standard Unleaded Petrol. Starting System: Recoil (pull) start. Quick Setup Guide (Common to 3200DV)

If you are setting up a "new-to-you" unit, follow these general steps derived from standard generator safety:

Check Oil: Ensure the engine has the correct amount of oil (usually SAE 10W-30) before attempting to start. Running without oil will damage the engine permanently. Add Fuel: Use fresh unleaded petrol. Start Procedure: Turn the Fuel Valve to the "ON" position. Move the Choke Lever to the "Start" or "Closed" position. Turn the Engine Switch to "ON". Pull the recoil starter firmly.

Once the engine warms up, move the Choke Lever to the "Run" or "Open" position.

For specific replacement parts like air filters, carburetors, or AVR blocks, retailers like Generator Guru provide a comprehensive list of spares matched to this model. Powercraft 3200DV - Parts and Spares - Generator Guru

Before starting your new generator, ensure it is prepared for safe operation:

Placement: Position the unit on level ground in a well-ventilated outdoor area. Keep it at least 1 meter (3 feet) away from walls or flammable materials to prevent overheating and fire hazards. Engine Oil: Always check the oil level before every start. Remove the oil filler cap/dipstick and wipe it clean.

Reinsert without screwing it in to check the level. If it is below the lower mark, fill it to the upper level mark.

The engine typically requires approximately 0.6L of oil (standard for 168F/6.5hp engines).

Fueling: Use fresh gasoline. Do not overfill; stop at the shoulder of the fuel filter to allow for expansion. Never refuel while the engine is running or hot. 2. Starting the Generator Follow this sequence for a smooth startup:

Disconnect Loads: Ensure no electrical devices are plugged into the AC sockets before starting. Fuel Valve: Turn the fuel cock/valve to the "ON" position.

Choke: Move the choke lever to the "CLOSED" or "START" position (required for a cold engine). Ignition: Flip the engine switch to the "ON" position.

Recoil Start: Pull the starter handle slowly until you feel resistance, then pull it rapidly to start the engine.

Warm-up: Once started, gradually move the choke lever back to the "OPEN" or "RUN" position as the engine stabilizes. Allow the unit to run for 2–3 minutes before plugging in any devices. 3. Connecting Devices (AC & DC) OWNER'S MANUAL FOR GASOLINE GENERATOR SET

Section 2: Safety First – Critical Rules Before Starting

Before you even add fuel or oil, the PowerCraft Generator 3200 DV manual new emphasizes several life-saving safety protocols:

1. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Danger: This generator emits odorless, deadly CO. NEVER run it inside a home, garage, basement, or RV. Keep it at least 20 feet away from windows and doors.
2. Check the Oil: The #1 reason for warranty void on a new generator is running it without oil. The 3200 DV ships without oil to prevent leaks.
3. Grounding: The unit has a ground terminal on the control panel. For job sites, ground the generator using a copper wire and grounding rod.
4. Fuel Stability: If using gasoline, only use fresh, ethanol-free fuel (if possible) and add a stabilizer.

9. First Oil Change (Very Important)

New engines shed metal particles during break-in.

• After first 5-10 hours: Drain old oil while engine is warm.
• Refill with fresh 10W-30 or 15W-40.

8. Shutdown Procedure

1. Turn off all connected devices.
2. Let the generator run unloaded for 2 minutes to cool down.
3. Turn the engine switch to OFF.
4. Turn the fuel valve lever to OFF.

5. Connecting Appliances

Proper load management prevents overloading the generator.

1. Calculate Wattage: Add up the running wattage of all devices you intend to plug in. Ensure the total does not exceed 2800 Watts.
   • Example: A refrigerator (700W) + TV (200W) + Lights (100W) = 1000W. This is safe.
   • Warning: Avoid plugging in high-surge items like large air conditioners or welders simultaneously.
2. Plug In: Connect appliances to the generator outlets one by one.
3. Sequence:

Section 1: Unboxing Your New PowerCraft 3200 DV (What’s Inside)

When you purchase a "new" PowerCraft 3200 DV, the package should include the following components. Check this list against your box immediately:

• Generator Unit: The main 3200-watt peak (2800-2900 running) dual-fuel engine.
• User Manual: A printed booklet (English/French/Spanish depending on region).
• Oil Bottle: Usually a 10W-30 or SAE 30 small bottle (you must add oil before first start).
• Spark Plug Wrench: For maintenance.
• Screwdriver: Flathead/Phillips combo tool.
• Funnel: For adding oil and gasoline.
• Propane Hose (Type 1): To connect a standard 20lb BBQ propane tank.
• DC Charging Cables: Clamp-style connectors for 12V battery charging.

Note on the "New" Manual: If your manual is missing or damaged, do not return the generator. You can find a downloadable PDF by searching the model number (found on the side frame, often starting with PC-3200DV or similar) on the manufacturer's support portal or via general web archives. 8. Shutdown Procedure

1. Product Overview

The Powercraft 3200 DV is a portable gasoline-powered generator designed for recreational use, light construction, and emergency home backup. The "DV" in the model name typically designates a specific series or engine variation (often a 4-stroke OHV engine).

Key Specifications (Typical):

• Maximum Output: 3200 Watts (Starting/Surge)
• Rated Output: 2800–3000 Watts (Running/Continuous)
• Engine Type: Single-cylinder, 4-stroke, Air-cooled OHV
• Engine Displacement: Approx. 196cc (Honda GX200 clone or equivalent)
• Fuel Type: Unleaded Gasoline
• Fuel Tank Capacity: Approx. 15 Liters (4 Gallons)
• Run Time: 6–8 hours at 50% load
• AC Output: 120V, 60Hz