Tarikh — Shamsi B Miladi

Tarikh Shamsi vs Miladi: Understanding the Differences and Conversions

The solar calendar, also known as the Tarikh Shamsi or Persian calendar, and the Gregorian calendar, commonly referred to as the Miladi calendar, are two widely used calendar systems across the world. While the Miladi calendar is the most widely used internationally, the Tarikh Shamsi has significant cultural and historical importance in countries like Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. This article aims to explore the origins, differences, and conversion methods between these two calendar systems.

Origins of Tarikh Shamsi (Persian Calendar)

The Tarikh Shamsi, or Persian calendar, has its roots in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran). It is a solar calendar that was introduced in 1079 CE by the Seljuk Sultan Jalaluddin Malikshah I. This calendar is based on the solar year, with the beginning of the new year (Nowruz) marking the spring equinox. The Tarikh Shamsi consists of 12 months, with the months being: Farvardin, Ordibehesht, Khordad, Tir, Mordad, Shahrivar, Mehr, Aban, Azar, Dey, Bahman, and Esfand.

Origins of Miladi (Gregorian Calendar)

The Miladi calendar, also known as the Gregorian calendar, was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 CE. It is a solar calendar that is based on a 365-day year, with an extra day added every four years (leap year). The Miladi calendar is the most widely used calendar internationally and is used as the global standard for business, travel, and communication.

Key Differences between Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi Calendars

The main differences between the Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi calendars are:

  1. Start of the Year: The Tarikh Shamsi year begins on the spring equinox (March 20 or 21 in the Miladi calendar), while the Miladi calendar begins on January 1.
  2. Length of the Year: A Tarikh Shamsi year is approximately 365.24 days, similar to the Miladi calendar. However, the Tarikh Shamsi calendar has a more accurate calculation of the solar year, with an error of only about 1 day every 3,300 years.
  3. Months: The Tarikh Shamsi has 12 months, with the first six months having 31 days, the next five months having 30 days, and the last month (Esfand) having 29 days (or 30 days in leap years). The Miladi calendar has 12 months, with the months having 28, 29, 30, or 31 days.

Converting between Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi Calendars

Converting between the two calendars can be done using the following methods:

  1. Online Conversion Tools: There are numerous online tools and websites that provide conversion services between the Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi calendars.
  2. Manual Conversion: To convert a Tarikh Shamsi date to a Miladi date, you can use the following formula:

Miladi Year = Tarikh Shamsi Year + 621 Miladi Month = Tarikh Shamsi Month - 3 (or add 9 if the Tarikh Shamsi month is less than 7)

For example, to convert the Tarikh Shamsi date 1399-01-01 (March 20, 2020) to a Miladi date:

Miladi Year = 1399 + 621 = 2020 Miladi Month = 1 - 3 = March (or add 9: 1 + 9 = 10, which corresponds to October, but this is incorrect)

The correct conversion is: 1399-01-01 (Tarikh Shamsi) = March 20, 2020 (Miladi)

Conclusion

The Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi calendars have distinct differences in their origins, structures, and conversion methods. While the Miladi calendar is widely used internationally, the Tarikh Shamsi calendar holds significant cultural and historical importance in certain regions. Understanding the differences and conversion methods between these two calendars can facilitate communication, trade, and cultural exchange between communities that use different calendar systems.

Table of Month Names

| Tarikh Shamsi Month | Miladi Equivalent | Days | | --- | --- | --- | | Farvardin | March-April | 31 | | Ordibehesht | April-May | 31 | | Khordad | May-June | 31 | | Tir | June-July | 31 | | Mordad | July-August | 31 | | Shahrivar | August-September | 31 | | Mehr | September-October | 30 | | Aban | October-November | 30 | | Azar | November-December | 30 | | Dey | December-January | 30 | | Bahman | January-February | 30 | | Esfand | February-March | 29/30 |

This table provides a quick reference to the Tarikh Shamsi months and their corresponding Miladi equivalents. tarikh shamsi b miladi

Title: Understanding the Difference: Tarikh Shamsi vs Miladi

Introduction

In our daily lives, we often take for granted the way we measure time. We wake up every morning, check our clocks, and plan our days accordingly. But have you ever stopped to think about the calendar system we use? In many parts of the world, especially in Iran and Afghanistan, there are two widely used calendar systems: Tarikh Shamsi (Persian Solar Calendar) and Miladi (Gregorian Calendar). In this blog post, we'll explore the differences between these two calendars and their significance.

What is Tarikh Shamsi (Persian Solar Calendar)?

The Tarikh Shamsi, also known as the Persian Solar Calendar, is a solar calendar used in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. It is based on the solar year, which is the time it takes the Earth to orbit the sun. This calendar was introduced in 1925 and is a modified version of the ancient Persian calendar.

The Tarikh Shamsi has 12 months, with each month beginning on the day of the equinox or the solstice. The months are:

  1. Farvardin (March 20 - April 19)
  2. Ordibehesht (April 20 - May 20)
  3. Khordad (May 21 - June 20)
  4. Tir (June 21 - July 22)
  5. Mordad (July 23 - August 22)
  6. Shahrivar (August 23 - September 22)
  7. Mehr (September 23 - October 22)
  8. Aban (October 23 - November 21)
  9. Azar (November 22 - December 21)
  10. Dey (December 22 - January 20)
  11. Bahman (January 21 - February 18)
  12. Esfand (February 19 - March 19)

What is Miladi (Gregorian Calendar)?

The Miladi calendar, also known as the Gregorian Calendar, is the most widely used calendar system in the world. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 and is a solar calendar that is based on the Earth's orbit around the sun.

The Miladi calendar has 12 months, with each month having a specific number of days:

  1. January (31 days)
  2. February (28 or 29 days)
  3. March (31 days)
  4. April (30 days)
  5. May (31 days)
  6. June (30 days)
  7. July (31 days)
  8. August (31 days)
  9. September (30 days)
  10. October (31 days)
  11. November (30 days)
  12. December (31 days)

Key differences between Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi

Here are the main differences between the two calendars:

Why is Tarikh Shamsi important?

The Tarikh Shamsi is an essential part of Iranian and Afghan culture and history. It is used to:

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Tarikh Shamsi and Miladi calendars are two distinct calendar systems used in different parts of the world. While the Miladi calendar is widely used globally, the Tarikh Shamsi calendar holds significant cultural and historical importance in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. Understanding the differences between these calendars can help us appreciate the diversity of human experience and cultural expression.

The Solar Hijri (Shamsi) calendar is a solar system used in Iran and Afghanistan that differs from the Gregorian (Miladi) calendar by approximately 621 to 622 years. Manual conversion requires adjusting for the 621-year gap, while online tools like Time.ir or Google search provide precise, exact-date conversions.

Converting a date from the (Solar Hijri) calendar to the (Gregorian) calendar requires a precise calculation because the calendars have different starting points and leap year rules. The Solar Hijri year 1404 corresponds to the Gregorian year 2025/2026. Quick Conversion Guide To convert a Shamsi date to Miladi, you generally add

, depending on whether the date falls before or after the Iranian New Year (Nowruz, typically March 21). The Journal of Specialised Translation Shamsi Season Shamsi Months Gregorian Equivalent (Approx.) Farvardin, Ordibehesht, Khordad March 21 – June 21 Tir, Mordad, Shahrivar June 22 – Sept 22 Mehr, Aban, Azar Sept 23 – Dec 21 Dey, Bahman, Esfand Dec 22 – March 20 *Esfand has 29 days in common years and 30 in leap years. Recommended Conversion Tools Tarikh Shamsi vs Miladi: Understanding the Differences and

For precise, day-to-day accuracy, use dedicated online converters:

: A widely used online Iranian date converter for switching between Solar Hijri, Gregorian, and Lunar Hijri calendars. Kodoom Tools

: Provides a simple interface for converting both forward and backward between Miladi and Shamsi. Tabdil App

: A mobile-friendly option for tracking cultural celebrations and important dates. Taghvim.com Key Calendar Differences New Year (Nowruz)

: The Shamsi calendar begins on the vernal equinox (March 19–21). Month Lengths

: The first six months have 31 days, while the next five have 30 days. Date Format : Iranians typically write dates as Day / Month / Year (e.g., ۲۸ مرداد ۱۴۰۴ for 28 Mordad 1404). Do you have a specific date you need converted, or would you like to see the leap year schedule for the current decade?

تبدیل تاریخ Iranian Date Converter 2026 - Taghvim.com

Converting Tarikh Shamsi (Solar Hijri) to (Gregorian) involves bridging two systems with different starting points, month lengths, and leap year rules. The Solar Hijri calendar is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. Core Comparison Features Year Structure Tarikh Shamsi

: Consists of 12 months. The first 6 months have 31 days, the next 5 have 30 days, and the last month ( ) has 29 days (30 in leap years).

: Consists of 12 months with varying lengths (28 to 31 days). The Epoch (Start Date) Tarikh Shamsi : Its year 1 begins with the Hijrah (622 CE), but it is a system, unlike the lunar Islamic calendar. : Based on the estimated birth of Jesus Christ. New Year (Nowruz) The Shamsi year begins at the precise moment of the vernal equinox

(usually March 21), making it one of the most accurate astronomical calendars in the world. Leap Year Accuracy

The Shamsi calendar uses a complex 33-year cycle to determine leap years, making it more astronomically precise than the Gregorian calendar's 400-year rule. Conversion Mechanics Tarikh Shamsi (Solar Hijri) Miladi (Gregorian) 1404–1405 SH Solar (Tropical Year) Solar (Gregorian Year) First Month Farvardin (Spring) January (Winter) Observation-based (very high) Rule-based Practical Tools for Conversion

How could I convert Shamsi date to Gregorian in Excel or Sheet? 9 Mar 2023 —

The process of converting a (Solar Hijri) date to (Gregorian) involves bridging two distinct ways of measuring time—one rooted in astronomical observation and the other in a fixed-rule cycle. The Conversion Logic

Converting between these two systems generally follows a simple offset, but requires careful attention to the start of the solar year: Year Offset : To find the Gregorian year, you generally add (if the date is between Farvardin and Azar) or (if it is between Dey and Esfand) to the Shamsi year. The Pivot Point : The Solar Hijri year begins on the Vernal Equinox (usually March 20 or 21), which marks the first day of Month Structure

: The first six months of the Shamsi calendar (Farvardin to Shahrivar) have , the next five (Mehr to Bahman) have , and the final month (Esfand) has (or 30 in leap years). Online Tools for Instant Conversion

For precise calculations, especially those involving leap years, the following digital converters are highly reliable: General Purpose Taghvim.com

are the standard web tools for quick Iranian-to-Gregorian shifts. Mobile Apps Persian Calendar app on Google Play Start of the Year : The Tarikh Shamsi

provides a dual-view interface for tracking both calendars simultaneously. Technical Tools : If you need to automate this in Excel or programming, SourceForge PyPI's shamsi-datetime offer libraries and scripts for developers. Quick Reference Example As of today, April 16, 2026 , the corresponding Persian date is 27 Farvardin 1405

تبدیل تاریخ Iranian Date Converter 2026 - Taghvim.com

Converting a date from the Solar Hijri (Shamsi) calendar to the Gregorian (Miladi)

calendar involves understanding the structural differences between the two systems. 1. Fundamental Differences Solar Hijri (Shamsi):

Used primarily in Iran and Afghanistan, it is a solar calendar beginning on the vernal equinox (usually March 20 or 21). Gregorian (Miladi): The internationally standard calendar used globally. Year Offset:

The Shamsi year 1 corresponds to the migration of Prophet Muhammad (the Hijra) in 622 CE. Generally, you add (for the first 9 months of the Gregorian year) or

(for the last 3 months) to the Shamsi year to get the Gregorian year. 2. Manual Conversion Formula To estimate the Gregorian year from a Shamsi year: If the Shamsi date is between Farvardin 1 and Dey 10 (roughly March 21 to December 31): Gregorian Year = Shamsi Year + 621 If the Shamsi date is between Dey 11 and Esfand 29/30 (roughly January 1 to March 20): Gregorian Year = Shamsi Year + 622 3. Month Correspondence

The Shamsi year has 12 months, with the first six having 31 days and the next five having 30 days. The last month, Esfand, has 29 days (30 in leap years). Shamsi Month Gregorian Start (approx.) Ordibehesht September 23 October 23 November 22 December 22 January 21 February 20 4. Reliable Conversion Tools

Because of leap years in both calendars, precise manual conversion is difficult. It is recommended to use specialized digital tools: Taghvim.com

provides a high-precision converter for current and historical dates. Kodoom.com Tools

offers a bidirectional converter (Miladi to Shamsi and vice versa). Parstimes Persian Calendar

includes a detailed table and converter for multiple calendar systems, including Julian and Hebrew. Kodoom.com or learn more about the leap year rules of the Jalali calendar? Miladi to Shamsi Convertor - Kodoom.com

🌍 Quick Conversion Without Math

  1. Google: “1402 Shamsi to Miladi” → 2023/2024
  2. Phone apps: “Jalali Calendar” or “Persian Calendar”
  3. Websites: time.ir, calendar.ut.ac.ir

Case 2: Convert Gregorian to Shamsi (the reverse operation)

For converting Miladi to Shamsi, you do the opposite:

Quick Conversion Table (start of each Shamsi season)

| Shamsi Month | Shamsi Date | Miladi Date (approx) | |--------------|-------------|----------------------| | Farvardin 1 | New Year (Nowruz) | March 20 or 21 | | Tir 1 | Early summer | June 22 | | Mehr 1 | Early autumn | September 23 | | Dey 1 | Early winter | December 22 |

📆 Handy Reference Table (for first day of each Shamsi month)

| Shamsi month | Start date (Miladi) | Year offset | |--------------|----------------------|--------------| | Farvardin | March 20/21 | +621 | | Ordibehesht | April 21 | +621 | | Khordad | May 22 | +621 | | Tir | June 22 | +621 | | Mordad | July 23 | +621 | | Shahrivar | August 23 | +621 | | Mehr | September 23 | +621 | | Aban | October 23 | +621 | | Azar | November 22 | +621 | | Dey | December 22 | +622 | | Bahman | January 21 | +622 | | Esfand | February 20 | +622 |

Online Tools and Tables:

For more accurate and quick conversions, you can use online date converters or refer to calendars that provide both Solar Hijri and Gregorian dates side by side.

Keep in mind that the Solar Hijri calendar and Gregorian calendar have different leap year rules, which can affect conversions over longer periods.